2016年高考英语语法大全

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2016年高考语法大全虚拟语气在各种从句的应用主语从句的虚拟1.Itis+adj.+thatsb.(should)do常见的形容词有:necessary,important,strange,naturalIt'simportantthathetakemyadvice.2.Itis+n.+thatsb.(should)do常见的名词有:apity,ashame,nowonder,one'swishIt'sapitythathebesosilly.3.Itis+done+thatsb.(should)do常见的过去分词有:suggested,advised,demanded,requested,required,asked,ordered,proposed,decided,desired,insisted等。It'srequestedthatshegohomeassoonaspossible.宾语从句的虚拟1.表命令,表建议,表要求的动词,后接宾语从句虚拟。虚拟的构成为(should)do。Iadvisethathestayathome.2.wish后接从句,虚拟的构成是往过去推一个时态。IwishIhadwatchedthefootballmatchlastnight.注意以下几组词或短语用于虚拟语气中。1.asif,asthoughHespeaksEnglishasifhewereanativespeaker.2.otherwise,but,eventhoughHewasill.Otherwisehewouldhavebeenthere.3.with,without,butforWithoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavediedtwoyearsago.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldhavediedtwoyearsago.4.wouldratherI'dratheryoutoldmeyourself.5.It'stimethatIt'stimethatyouwenttobed.It'stimethatyoushouldgotobed.表语从句中的虚拟在表语从句中,表示间接的命令,要求、请求、建议、决定等,主句中的主语通常是suggestion,proposal,request,orders,idea等。从句谓语形式是(should)+动词原形。如:Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.名词从句部分:1.that不可省略的情况2.that引导同位语从句和that引导定语从句的区别:同位语从句中的that是连词,不做成分,只连接主从句,不能省略;定语从句中的that要代替先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语,并且做宾语时可以省略。从语义上看,同位语从句是对前面名词的解释、说明或内容;而定语从句时对前面名词的限定。Weshouldconsiderthestudents’requestthattheschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.(that引导同位语从句)Theonlyhopethatheexpressedwasthattheywoulddowhattheycouldtohelpthepeopleindisasterareas.(that引导定语从句)3.要根据句子结构尤其是谓语动词判断从句的类型:Whatisknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGamestookplaceinBeijing.本句含有一个主语从句和一个表语从句,主句的动词为is。Itisknowntousallthatthe2008OlympicGamestookplaceinBeijing.本句含有一个主语从句,主句的动词为isknownto。Asisknowntousall,the2008OlympicGamestookplaceinBeijing.本句含有一个定语从句,主句的动词为tookplace,as引导非限制性定语从句。4.名词性从句的语序和语态。名词性从句均应用陈述语序,不能用疑问语序,其时态应该和主句时态保持一致。5.名词性从句中连词的省略。介词后的连词以及引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。that引导名词从句(除了引导第一个宾语从句可省略外)都不可省略,但是引导定语从句并在从句中做宾语时可以省略.奇速英语暑假网络互动直播课程已经来不及的不是时开班啦,而是行动,心动就马上行动,当你还在犹豫的时候,先报名的童鞋已经甩你很远了。that不能省略的情况:1)介词后面的that不能省略:Peterisagoodstudentexceptthatheissometimescareless.2)当that引导的宾语从句位于句首时:ThatheeverdidsuchathingIdon’tbelieve.3)主句谓语动词和that从句之间有插入语,that不省略:Shesaidthat,ifshefailed,shewouldtryagain.4)当宾语从句有其他从属连词时,that不省略:Hetoldmethatifitwasnecessarytheywouldworkextratime.6.名词性从句中it的使用:为了保持句子平衡,多数情况下,it作形式主语或形式宾语,将真正的主语或宾语从句后置。定语从句关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that,as,和关系副词when,where,why。(1)that指物时一般可与which互换,但在下列情况下,要用that而不用which。a.先行词有all,everything等不定代词时,如,Everything(that)hedidiswrong.b.先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时,如,I'llreadallthebooks(that)youlendme.c.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,Thisisthefirstletter(that)theboyhaswritten.d.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时,如Heistheveryman(that)I'mlookingfor.e.只用which的情况在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中Thisisthebookaboutwhichwehavetalkedalot.Thebook,whichhegavemeyesterday,isveryinteresting.f.where和when作关系副词ThisistheroomwhereIworked.ThisistheroomwhichIstayedin.Irememberedthedaywhenwelivedthere.IrememberedthedaythatIspentthere.g.as和whichas可以放于句首,而which不可以Asyouknow,heisgoodatEnglish.threeofthem和threeofwhichIhavealotofbooks,threeofwhichareinRussian.IhavealotofbooksandthreeofthemareinRussian.(2.)“介词+关系代词”的情况:在固定短语中介词不能提前;判断介词的口诀:瞻前顾后看意义瞻前——看先行词;顾后——找从句动词;看意义——看全句表达含义(3.)先行词在从句中充当地点状语时,关系词用where或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当时间状语时,关系词用when或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当原因状语时,关系词用why或者forwhich。(4.)注意as和which在非限制性定语从句中代表主句所表达的内容的区别:位置不同:as从句放在主句前或后均可;而which从句只能放在主句后作用不同:as从句动词常常是see\know等,因而相当于插入语;which从句则在陈述一件事实。状语从句部分1.while是高考中的高频词,它既可引导时间状语从句,又可引导并列句,还可引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。2.nomatterwh-与wh-ever的联系及区别:nomatterwh-只引导让步状语从句,此时与wh-ever通用。wh-ever又可引导名词性从句,Nomatterwh-不能。Nomatterwhen/Wheneverhecomesback,heshouldbeinvitedtotheparty.3.在条件,时间和让步从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时,用现在完成时表将来完成时,用一般过去时表过去将来时。在since引导的时间状语从句中,动词一般都用一般过去时,而主句常用现在完成时。奇速英语暑假网络互动直播课程已经来不及的不是时开班啦,而是行动,心动就马上行动,当你还在犹豫的时候,先报名的童鞋已经甩你很远了。4.状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况:①否定词开头;②so加adj.开头;③as/though引导的让步状语从句。5.连词before小结:Wehadsailedfourdaysbeforewesawland.(……才)Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.(不到……就)Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.(趁……)BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.(还没来得及)Itwillbe/was…before…要过多久才……6.because,since,as引导原因从句的区别:because表达直接原因,语气最强,回答why;since通常放句首,译为“既然”;as引导不谈自明的原因,语气最弱;7.as可以引导多种从句,要注意其中的区别。8.till,until和not…until的区别;if和unless的区别。非谓语动词部分动词不定式几点注意。1.下列动词或动词短语后接不定式:agree,seem,appear,offer,happen,wish,hope,pay,expect,long,plan,intend,promise,pretend,decide,afford,manage,choose,besaidto,wouldliketo等。2.不定式常用的句型:too…todo(太……而不能),…enoughtodo…(够……就能……),soastodo/inordertodo(为了……),so…astodo/such…astodo(如此……结果……)。3.不定式的三个结构:即否定结构、复合结构和疑问结构。否定结构为“not(never)todo”;疑问结构是特殊疑问词“how(what,which,who,whether…)todo”;复合结构是“for/of+名词(或代词宾格)+todo”。4.let/make/have/see/hear/notice/observe/listento/lookat/watch/feel这些动词带不定式作宾补时,省掉to,若这些动词以被动形式出现时,应加上to。5.当前面是thefirst,thesecond,thelast,need,plan,time,chance,right,determination,ability,opportunity(机会),way时,一般用不定式作定语。6.but/except+todo/do结构,要根据谓语动词来确定其后面的形式。当谓语动词是do,does,did时,but后用动词原形;谓语动词是其他动词时,but后用“to+动词原形”的形式。7.形容词后一般用不定式(除busy,worth两个外)。Youaresuretosucceed.你一定能成功。Heisbusypreparinghislessonsatpresent.他现在正忙于预习功课。8.不定式作定语和表语时,有时需要在后面放上一个适当的介词。Thisisabenc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