生物技术毕业论文

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高等教育自学考试毕业(论文)说明书高等教育自学考试毕业设计(论文)说明书农学(本科)市地洛阳准考证号030208103550姓名赵源涛河南科技大学高等教育自学考试办公室高等教育自学考试毕业(论文)说明书高等教育自学考试毕业设计(论文)任务书一、题目:红掌组培快繁过程中污染原因的分析及对策探讨二、本环节自2009年6月30日起至20010年6月30日三、进行地点:河南科技大学四、内容要求:综述简练完整,有见解;立论正确,论述充分,结论严谨合理,实验正确,分析处理科学;文字通顺,技术用语准确,符号统一,编号齐全,书写工整规范,图表完备、整洁、正确;论文结果有应用价值。指导教师:职称批准日期:年月日高等教育自学考试毕业(论文)说明书I红掌组培快繁过程中污染原因的分析及对策探讨摘要红掌(拉丁名:Spathiphyllumfloribundum),亦叫安祖花,红鹤芋等,天南星科火烛属。其花色艳丽,花茎挺拔,叶型翠绿美观,是当今世界著名的切花和盆栽花卉之一,市场潜力大,具有极高的观赏价值和经济价值。红掌的繁殖方法通常采用分株繁殖、扦插繁殖和组织培养繁殖。但分株繁殖、扦插繁殖很难满足当前市场的需求,组织培养是红掌快速繁殖的有效途径。由于组织培养中经常出现不同程度的污染问题,造成很大的损失,因此控制污染是植物组织培养苗工厂化生产中重要的技术环节。本文从灭菌方法、内源性污染、继代培养中污染防治等方面,进行了红掌组培快繁过程中污染原因的分析及对策的探讨。关键词:红掌,组织培养,灭菌,污染,防治高等教育自学考试毕业(论文)说明书IIANDRAEANUMDURINGTISSUECULTUREANALYSISOFTHECAUSESOFPOLLUTIONANDRELATEDCOUNTERMEASURESABSTRACTAnthurium,alsocalledAndrewFlower,linessuchasflamingo,aFireAraceae.Itsbrightcolors,tallandstraightstem,greenleaf-typeappearance,arewell-knownintoday'sworldofcutandpottedflowers,onelargemarketpotential,withhighornamentalvalueandeconomicvalue.Flowerandraeanumbreedingmethodscommonlyusedrametspropagation,cuttingpropagationandtissueculturepropagation.However,rametspropagation,cuttingpropagationisdifficulttomeetcurrentmarketdemand,tissuecultureandraeanumFlowerExpressareaneffectivewayofbreeding.Tissueculturebecauseofthefrequentoccurrenceofvariousdegreesofpollution,resultingingreatloss,socontrolofpollutionareindustrialplanttissueculturevaccineproductiontechnologyintheimportantaspect.Thisarticlefromthesterilizationmethod,endogenouspollutionsubcultureinsuchareasaspollutionprevention,todiscusshowtominimizetheemergenceoftissueinthepollutionproblems.KEYWORDS:Anthurium,tissueculture,sterilization,pollution,preventionandtreatment高等教育自学考试毕业(论文)说明书III目录前言·········································································1第1章培养基的灭菌······················································21.1一般培养基的灭菌·················································21.2不耐热物质的灭菌·················································2第2章外植体材料的消毒与灭菌·······································42.1外植体的消毒与灭菌··············································4第3章接种前的准备工作················································53.1器皿、工具的灭菌·················································53.1.1器皿与金属器械的灭菌···································53.1.2布质制品的灭菌············································53.2培养室的灭菌······················································53.3无菌操作和无菌操作技术········································5第4章红掌诱导与继代培养过程中的污染···························7第5章污染的原因和预防措施··········································85.1通常污染····························································85.2内源性污染·························································85.3污染原因判断及污染苗抢救·····································85.4预防方法和措施····················································95.4.1基本方法·····················································95.4.2经常检查消毒锅的灭菌质量·····························95.4.3检查培养容器是否存在问题····························105.4.4继代培养中污染的控制··································105.4.5减少培养基中的有机成分·······························10结论········································································11谢辞········································································12参考文献·····································································13附录········································································15外文资料翻译·······························································18高等教育自学考试毕业(论文)说明书1前言红掌(拉丁名:Spathiphyllumfloribundum),天南星科火烛属,原产地哥伦比亚。其花色艳丽,花茎挺拔,叶型翠绿美观,是当今世界著名的切花和盆栽花卉之一,市场潜力大,具有极高的观赏价值和经济价值。其繁殖方法通常采用分株繁殖、扦插繁殖和组织培养繁殖。但分株繁殖、扦插繁殖很难满足当前市场的需求,组织培养是安祖花快速繁殖的有效途径。植物组织培养中经常会出现不同程度的污染问题,污染是在组织培养过程中培养基和培养材料滋生杂菌,导致培养失败的现象。它是影响植物组织培养的一个重要因素,它通常会导致培养失败造成很大的损失。植物组培苗的工厂化生产在我国发展速度很快,组织培养技术日趋完善,但在组织培养中通常会出现不同程度的污染,因此预防和控制污染是植物组织培养苗工厂化生产中重要的技术环节。在植物组织培养过程中,存在两种类型的污染:一类是通常所说的污染,即外植体消毒不彻底,无菌操作和培养过程中,如:培养基、接种工具、接种室消毒不严格或操作不规范而导致的污染;另一类是内源菌污染,内源菌包括真菌和细菌,内源污染一般是指内源细菌所致的污染。本文从一般的污染的控制、内源性污染的控制、继代培养中污染防治、减少培养基中的有机成分等方面,讨论了怎样减少组培中出现的污染问题,如:对于一般的污染来说,主要从操作环境、操作人员、仪器;对于内源性污染主要是从外植体预处理到外植体灭菌方法;对于继代培养污染的控制主要是从对无菌外植体进行检验和反复进行茎尖培养或分生组织培养;至于对培养基有机成分的减少措施主要是减去培养基中的VB1、VB6或除去培养基中的蔗糖这几方面加以论述。高等教育自学考试毕业(论文)说明书2第1章培养基的灭菌1.1一般培养基的灭菌培养基是在有菌的环境中配制的,在该过程中会使培养基带有各种杂菌,因此,每次培养基配制完毕和分装后应尽快灭菌,否则培养基中就会滋生各种杂菌,改变培养基的营养成分和pH值,影响培养效果。常用灭菌方法是用高压蒸汽灭菌法进行灭菌,将培养基置于高压灭菌锅中,从达到要求温度的时刻算起,在0.105Mpa的压力下(121。C)灭菌15-40min。灭菌的时间取决于温度,而不是直接取决于压力。由于容器的体积不同,瓶壁的厚度不同,所需灭菌时间也不同[1](表1-1),对经过高压灭菌后不会变质的物品,如无菌水、培养皿、器械等,可延长灭菌时间和增加压力。培养基灭菌时间不能过长,否则容易引起培养基中营养成分的损失,并且琼脂也会随灭菌时间的延长,凝固能力下降,甚至不能凝固。因此,所需的灭菌时间应随着要进行灭菌的物体体积而变化。表1-1培养基高压蒸汽灭菌所必须的最少时间容器的体积(ml)在121。C下灭菌所必须的最少时间(min)20-501575-15020250-50025100030150035200040当灭菌锅里的热溶液冷却时,必须十分小心,如果压力下降过急,超过了温度下降的速率,就会使液体滚沸,从培养容器之中溢出。另外,只有当高压锅的压力表指针回到零时,才能打开灭菌锅。1.2不耐热物质的灭菌某些生长调节物质(GA3、Zt、IAA、IBA)、尿素以及某些维生素等不耐热的物质遇热易分解,不能进行高压蒸汽灭菌处理,通常只能采用单独液体高等教育自学考试毕业(论文)说明书3过滤灭菌方法。热分解化合物溶液的灭菌是通过过滤膜进行过滤灭菌的,然后将其加入经过高压灭菌过的并未凝固的培养基中。如果是制备固态培养基,方法是先将没有不耐热物质而包含其他化合物的培养基倒入培养瓶中进行高压蒸汽灭菌,灭菌后置于超净工作台上冷却。当其冷却至45。C左右(即琼脂凝固温度),琼脂将要凝固之前,加入经过滤灭菌的各项不耐热成分的溶液,然后混匀放置,待冷凉凝固后备用,但不能在琼脂培养基温度较高时加入,以防止不耐热物质的分解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