2015届高考英语二轮专题检测精品练习阅读理解(26)

-1-2015届高考英语二轮专题检测精品练习：阅读理解（26）APeoplediettolookmoreattractive.Fishdiettoavoidbeingbeatenup,thrownoutoftheirsocialgroup,andgettingeatenasaresult.ThatisthefascinatingconclusionofthelatestresearchintofishbehaviorbyateamofAustralianscientists.Theresearchteamhavediscoveredthatsubordinatefishvoluntarilydiettoavoidchallengingtheirlargercompetitors.“Instudyinggobieswenoticedthatonlythelargesttwoindividuals,amaleandfemale,hadbreeding（繁殖）rightswithinthegroup,”explainsMarianWong.“Allothergroupmembersarenonbreedingfemales,eachbeing5-10%smallerthanitsnextlargestcompetitor.Wewantedtofindouthowtheymaintainthisprecisesizeseparation.”Thereasonforthesizedifferencewaseasytosee.Onceasubordinatefishgrowstowithin5-10%ofthesizeofitslargercompetitor,itcausesafightwhichusuallyendsinthesmallergobybeingdrivenawayfromthegroup.Moreoftenthannot,theevictedfishistheneatenup.Itappearedthatthesmallerfishwerekeepingthemselvessmallinordertoavoidchallengingthebossfish.Whethertheydidsovoluntarily,byrestraininghowmuchtheyate,wasnotclear.Theresearchteamdecidedtodoanexperiment.Theytriedtofattenupsomeofthesubordinategobiestoseewhathappened.Totheirsurprise,thegobiessimplyrefusedtheextrafoodtheywereoffered,clearlypreferringtoremainsmallandavoidfights,overhavingafeast.Thediscoverychallengesthetraditionalscientificviewofhowbossindividualskeeptheirpositioninagroup.Previouslyitwasthoughtthatlargeindividualssimplyusedtheirweightandsizetothreatentheirsubordinatesandtakemoreofthefoodforthemselves,sokeepingtheircompetitorssmall.Whilethehabitsofgobiesmayseemalittlemysterious,Dr.Wongexplainsthatunderstandingtherelationshipsbetweenbossandsubordinateanimalsisimportanttounderstandinghowhierarchical（等级的）societiesremainstable.Theresearchhasprovedthefactthatvoluntarydietingisahabitfarfromexclusivetohumans.“Asyet,welackacompleteunderstandingofhowwidespreadthevoluntaryreductionoffoodintakeisinnature,”theresearcherscomment.“Dataonhumandietingsuggeststhat,whilehumansgenerallydiettoimprovehealthorincreaseattractiveness,rarelydoesitimprovelong-termhealthandmalesregularlypreferfemalesthatarefatterthanthefemales’ownideal.”65.Whenagobygrowstowithin5-10%ofthesizeofitslargercompetitor,it.A.facesdangerB.hasbreedingrightsC.eatsitscompetitorD.leavesthegroupitself66.Theunderlinedwords“theevictedfish”inParagraph3referto.A.thefishbeatenupB.thefishfoundoutC.thefishfattenedupD.thefishdrivenaway67.Theexperimentshowedthatthesmallerfish.A.foughtoverafeastB.wentondietwillinglyC.preferredsomeextrafoodD.challengedthebossfish68.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Fishdietingandhumandieting.B.Dietingandhealth.C.Humandieting.-2-D.Fishdieting.B(2014届·河北省高考模拟考试)Maybeyouhaveheardtheexpression—WheninRome，doastheRomansdo.SowhenyouwanttodobusinessinFrance，youhavetogettoknowFrenchculture，tomakemarketingplans，andtorunyourbusinessbylocallaws.__1__TheFrenchtakegreatprideintheirlanguage，soanyonewhodoesnotspeakitmayruntheriskofbeingdisrespectedbyhisFrenchcolleaguesorbusinesspartners.Also，anotherreasonwhylearningFrenchisimportantisthatitisagreatwaytoshoweverypossibleFrenchbusinesspartnerthatyoucareandrespecttheircountry’scultureandlanguage.Thefirstthingthatyoushoulddowhenmeetingsomeonenewistoshakehishandfirmlyandalwayslookthepersonintheeye.Insocialmeetingswithfriends，kissingiscommon.__2__TheFrenchwillsometimesintroducethemselvesusingtheirsurnamefirst，followedbytheirfirstname.Dresswell.__3__Yourbusinessclothingisareflectionofyoursuccessandsocialstatus.Alwaystrytobetastefulandstylish.Womenareadvisedtodresssimplybutelegantly.Wearingmake­upispractisedwidelybybusinesswomen.TheFrencharepassionateaboutfood，solunchesarecommonindoingbusinessinFrance，whichusuallyconsistofanappetizer，amainmealwithwine，cheese，dessertandcoffee，andnormallytakeuptotwohours.__4__Donotbegineatinguntilthehostsays“bonappetit”．Passdishestotheleft，keepwristsabovethetableandtrytoeateverythingontheplate.__5__Thismaysuggestthatyoufindthefoodtasteless.Ifeatinginarestaurant，thepersonwhoinvitesalwayspays.A．TheFrenchdrawinformationaboutpeoplebasedontheirappearance.B．Thisisatimeforrelationshipbuilding.C．Remembertobeaspoliteaspossible.D．LanguageshouldbethefocusofanyoneplanningtodobusinessinFrance.E．Becarefulwithaddingsalt，pepperorsaucestoyourfood.F．UseMonsieurorMadamebeforethesurname.G．Makeanappointmentwithyourbusinesspartnerinadvance.CYou’resittingonthetrainhomeandthepersonoppositeyouyawns(打哈欠).Suddenly,you’reyawningwithhim,thoughyou’renottired.Thisphenomenonconfusedscientistsforyearsuntilarecentstudyfoundthatpeopletendtosympathizewithfellowhumans.Supportingthisclaimwasthediscoverythatthosechildrenwhowereunabletoformnormalemotionaltieswithothersdidnotexperiencecontagious(有感染力的)yawning,whichshowedthathumanscommunicateregularlywithoutwords.HugoCritchley,aneuroscientist,hasconductedanexperimentrecently,whichwillprovethathappinessandsadnesscanspreadlikethecommoncold.AccordingtoCritechley,ourmindandbodyareinconstantexchangeabouthowwe’refeeling.“Emotionsarecloselylinkedwithstatesofinternal(内部的)responses,”heexplained.“Therearealsomorevisiblechangesinourgesturesandfa