生物檢測展著劑對葉菜類蔬菜之毒性

23葉類葉留度度葉臘利葉漏葉類力量類參12葉類葉來力Agral90力數理0,1,2,34列1.55來漏理3藍不量葉漏來葉漏量力力Agral90數列量來力Agral905-6葉藍率藍16量不復率32量25%藍25-50%理量度率率來藍量16易葉類異不復漏2493年6BioassaytoAssessPotentialPhytotoxicEffectsofSurfactantsonLeafyVegetablesYeong-JeneChiangTaiwanAgricultureChemicalsandToxicSubstancesResearchInstitute,Wufeng,Taichung,Taiwan,R.O.C.AbstractSurfactantsarethemostwidelyusedandprobablythemostimportantofalladjuvants.Thesecompoundsoftenappliedwithherbicides,fungicidesorinsecticidesasemulsifying,dispersingandspreadingagentsmaycausedistinctstresssymptomsandconsiderableleafdamage.Apopularmethodistomonitorthetotalioneffluxbysimplemeasurementsoftheincreaseinconductivityofabathingsolution.Thisresearchwasconductedtoevaluatephytotoxicpotentialofsurfactantsonleafyvegetablesandusedionleakagefromleafdiscsasanindicatorofcellmembraneintegrity.Bioassayusedinvolvedleafdiscsoftestedcropssoakedinsurfactantsolutionsandmeasuringtheconductivityafterdifferenthours.Ithadexhibitedvaryingdegreesofphytotoxicityaccordingtothesurfactantsandcropsused.Theexpressionofresultsasapercentageofthetotalioncontentofthediscsprovidedarealisticcomparisonbetweendifferentcompounds.HighinherentphytotoxicitywasnotedaftertreatmentofspinachleafdiscswithTrition,whichresultedinlargeincreasesinthereleaseofintracellularmaterialatcomparativelylowconcentrationforeachsurfactant.Theamountofleakagefromleafdiscstendedtoincreaseasthesurfactantconcentrationincreased.Spraytreatmentoflettuce,convolvulus,edibleamaranth,cabbage,ediblerapeandspinachat5-6leafstagewithtestedsurfactants,inducedleafchlorsis,leafcrinkling,leafsizereductionandplantstunting.Spinachwasmoresensitivetosurfactantsthananyotherspeciestested,whilelettucewasleastsensitive.Keywordssurfactant,cellleakage,conductivity,phytotoxicity,growthinhibition.WeedSci.Bull.25(1),June200425易劣(hydrophilicgroup)(lipophilicgroup)(7,12)不數列葉留理量累易(6)異(3)度度葉臘(5,10,11)度切離(polyoxyethylene)量(8)臨度(criticalmicelleconcentration)量降力(8)量葉葉葉葉異葉(1,2)論度度異離度0.1-0.2%(w/v)離度0.2-0.5%離度0.5-1%(8)量都葉切離離葉度離流量(4,9)葉漏參料2693年6理(-藍-藍-藍-葉---)(-葉-2)(-)(-葉)(-)5-6葉料5kg(15cm×15cm×度)0.5料(5)葉來(CS-7,Triton)力(Totalwett)Agral90力(Sandovit)列Table1.Chemicalcompositionandsourceofcommercialsurfactantstested來(CS-7,Triton)Qutylphenolethoxylate羅力(Totalwett)PolyoxyethyleneglycolalkylaryletherAgral90Nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol力(Sandovit)AlkylarylpolyglycoletherBlendofpolyethylenealkylaryletherandsodiumsaltofdialkylsufosuccinate葉漏參SilcoxandHolloway(9)葉離漏5-6葉56葉葉0.6cm葉數10ml不量理量葉25300µmolphotonm-2s-1度兩葉10ml兩漏度度(KyotoElectronics,ModelCM-115)理錄不量離數WeedSci.Bull.25(1),June200427參不量量5-6葉葉數率量度(0100)錄狀復不不理3mean±S.E.論葉漏來力Agral90力數20001000050001000200020.3,2.5,16.8,37.0,27.7µScm-2()力量量16(4.0µScm-2)1.6(2.0µScm-2)Agral90力來6.19.711.712.6()度離polyethylenealkylarylether離dialkylsufosuccinate離()理論力例離度量12葉類葉量理0,1,2,3,4列漏1理1.5葉來力力4略理2藍來理5-6漏2893年6來漏不數Table2.Changesinconductivityofcommercialsurfactantstestedwithdifferentdilutionrates量1)來力Agral90力----------------------------------µScm-2-----------------------------------R20.3±1.32.5±0.116.8±0.837.0±1.127.7±1.12R42.2±2.52.8±0.122.6±1.167.3±1.451.8±1.94R76.9±4.62.9±0.139.8±1.7116.7±4.794.3±2.88R145.7±7.33.1±0.270.8±2.8203.7±8.1176.3±7.116R256.3±9.34.0±0.2102±4.1358.7±12.6323.5±11.81)來力Agral90力數(R)200010000500010002000不異()Agral90葉漏度理1.5力力藍理2來漏理3藍不量葉漏()來量列量理葉理異量16理2.5-58量理7藍8量理降不()來類葉漏度來更()力數理量量理5()力WeedSci.Bull.25(1),June200429()0123402004000123402004000200400藍0200400藍0200400理()()葉漏(來力Agral90力量200010000500010002000)Fig.1.Effectsoftestedsurfactantsonelectrolyteleakagefromleafdiscsoftestedcrops.0200400600CS-7Agral90力力020040060020040002004000200400020040002004000()0123402004000123402004000200400藍0200400藍0200400理()()葉漏(來力Agral90力量200010000500010002000)Fig.1.Effectsoftestedsurfactantsonelectrolyteleakagefromleafdiscsoftestedcrops.0200400600CS-7Agral90力力0200400600200400020040002004000200400020040000123401234020040001234020040001234020040002004000200400藍0200400藍0200400藍0200400藍02004000200400理()()葉漏(來力Agral90力量200010000500010002000)Fig.1.Effectsoftestedsurfactantsonelectrolyteleakagefromleafdiscsoftestedcrops.0200400600CS-7Agral90力力02004006000200400600CS-7Agral90力力CS-7Agral90力力CS-7CS-7Agral90Agral90力力力力02004006000200400600200400020040002004000200400020040003093年6藍02505007501000CS-70250500750力0250500750Agral900250500750力02505007500R2R4R8R16R()量不數葉漏(來力Agral90力數(R)200010000500010002000)Fig.2.Effectsoftestedsurfactantswithdifferentdilutionratesonelectrolyteleakagefromleafdiscsoftestedcrops.藍02505007501000CS-70250500750力0250500750Agral900250500750力02505007500R2R4R8R16R()藍藍藍02505007501000CS-702505007501000CS-70250500750力0250500750力0250500750Agral900250500750Agral900250500750力0250500750力02505007500R2R4R8R16R()量不數葉漏(來力Agral90力數(R)200010000500010002000)Fig.2.Effectsoftestedsurfactantswithdifferentdilutionratesonelectrolyteleakagefromleafdiscsoftestedcrops.WeedSci.Bull.25(1),June200431葉漏力量理5()Agral90理異藍量8-16理2.5-5()不數量來葉漏量力力Agral90()數列量來力Agral905-6葉藍葉葉葉葉異狀率()量來10藍110%度復4量1藍20-30%率10降10%8量來藍5-20%率16量20-50%32量更90%不復()力藍1632量理20-50%50-60%率()Agral9032量理藍50-60%率()來力Agral90藍16量易不復不數來力Agral90