高考英语语法复习:数词Yoyo数词基数词序数词数量顺序表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。1.—Ifa=4,b=5,what’stheanswertothequestion“a+2ab+1=?”—_____.A.Forty-fifthB.Forty-fiveC.Twenty-threeD.Onehundredandtwenty-one【解析】基数词表示人或事物的数量,而序数词表示人或事物的次序。2.—Thereare60studentsinmyclassand44ofthemuseweiboveryoften.—44?Thatmeansabout_____ofyourclassmatesareweibousers,right?A.halfB.onethirdC.twothirdsD.threequarters【解析】表达分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于1时,分母要在序数词后面加-s。在表达四分之几时,要用quarter与基数词搭配来表示(如:四分之三threequarters)。表达二分之一时通常用onehalf或ahalf表示。3.Thereareover_____studentsintheirschool.A.hundredsB.ninehundredsC.hundredsofD.ninehundred【解析】当基数词与hundred,thousand,million,billion连用,表示具体的“几百、几千、几百万、几十亿”时,这些词后不加-s。如:twohundredbooks,threethousandtrees,fourmillionpeople,fivebillionseconds。4.AftertheAsianGames,_____peoplecametoGuangzhouforavisitduringholidays.A.thousandB.thousandsofC.fivethousandsD.thousandof【解析】当hundred,thousand,million,billion后面加-s并与of连用时,意为“数以……计的”,表达的是约数的概念,前面不能再加具体的数字。基数词的构成①1-12,独立成词。onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve②13-19,由3-9+teen构成。14–fourteen16–sixteen17–seventeen19–nineteen特殊拼写:13–thirteen15–fifteen18–eighteen③20-90,以-ty结尾。20—twenty30—thirty40—forty50—fifty60—sixty70—seventy80—eighty90—ninety④21-99,两位数,十位与个位之间“-”。21twenty—one55fifty—five99ninety—nine⑤101—999,三位数,百位与十位/个位之间加and。101onehundredandone840eighthundredandforty693sixhundredandninety-three⑥1,000以上数目,从右向左每三位用“,”分开,分别读为thousand,million,billion。6,500,431,729billionmillionthousandhundredand基数词的用法①表示具体数目,hundred,thousand,million不用复数。表示不确定数目,用复数。即hundredsof(数百),thousandsof(数千),millionsof(数百万)+名词复数,可以用many/several修饰,但不能与具体数目连用。Ourcountryhasapopulationof1,300millionpeople.Afterthewar,thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.②“几十”的复数形式可以表示:几十多岁—in+one’s+数词复数年代—in+the+数词复数Hediedinhisforties.Inthenineties,mostpeoplegotoworkbybike.③“基数词+名词”的合成形容词作定语,中间有连字符“-”,当中的名词用单数。a3–year–oldgirlaseven-dayholiday④表计量—“基数词+度量单位+形容词”Theclassroomis7meterslong,6meterswideand3metershigh.⑤表示时刻(介词用at)1)顺读法—先时后分,“几点几分”9:30ninethirty6:21sixtwenty-one2)逆读法—先分后时a.表示“几点过几分”,半小时以内,介词用past,分钟数+past+钟点数。10:10tenpastten8:20twentypasteightb.表示“几点差几分”,半小时以上,介词用to,60减原分钟+to+(下一个)钟点数。9:50tentoten7:40twentytoeight3)15分钟:aquarter30分钟:ahalf9:15aquarterpastnine12:30halfpasttwelve序数词的构成①1-3,first,second,third。②4-19,相应基数词+th,特殊拼写:fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。③20-90,y变成ie+th,如twentieth。④21-99,只把个位的基数词变成序数词,如twenty-first。⑤序数词缩写—数字+最后两字母,如1st,2nd,3rd,4th…序数词的用法①序数词作定语,前面要加the;Thefirsttruckiscarryingafoodbasket.Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor.②有时加a/an,“再一”,“又一”的意思。We’llhavetodoitasecondtime.ShallIaskhimathirdtime?Theyhadasecondchildin1988.编号表示法编号在前,名词在后,用序数词,前面有the编号在后,名词在前,用基数词,注意首字母大写房间号码和电话号码要一个一个分别读。第一课TheFirstLesson(在句子中不大写)LessonOne第32页thethirty-secondpagePage32/PageThirty-two第305房间Room305第12路公共汽车BusNo.12分数表示法分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1时,分母加-s。1/4one-fourtha(one)quarter3/4three-fourthsthreequarters2/3two-thirds1/2a(one)half半年halfayear半小时halfanhour一年半oneandahalfyearsoneyearandahalf年份、日期表达法年用基数词表示,两位一读,介词用in;日用序数词表示,介词用on。1999nineteenninety-nine1949年10月1日读作:October(the)first,nineteenforty-nine(月-日,年)thefirstofOctober,nineteenforty-nine(日-月,年)写作:October1st,1999(日用缩写,月-日-年)October1,1999(日用数字)1stOctober,1999(日-月,年)表示“在…世纪”,用序数词。在20世纪写作:in20thcentury读作:inthetwentiethcentury1)用…times表示。Myroomisthreetimesaslargeasyours.我的房间是你的三倍大小。如果表示“是……两倍数”,一般用twice。Myroomistwiceaslargeasyours.我的房间是你的两倍大小。倍数的表达方法倍数表达法的句型:......倍数+as+形容词或副词+as2)用-%表示。Thecollectionofourschoollibraryis200%upcomparedwith1998.我们学校图书馆藏书量与1998年相比增长了一倍。常见的含数词的短语:byonesandtwos三三两两地secondtonone不比任何人差,首屈一指的onebyone一个一个地数词在固定短语中的运用•1.I'mat_______________(七上八下的)aboutwhattodo.•2.Let'sdivideit____________(两半).•3._____________(十有八九)thetrainwillbelate.1.Theheroofthestoryisanartistinhis_____.A.thirtiethB.thirtyC.thirty’sD.thirties2.Itisnotrarein_____thatpeoplein_____fiftiesaregoingtouniversityforfurthereducation.A.90s…theB.the90s…/C.90s…theirD.the90s…theirI.Multiplechoice.3._____ofthelandinthatdistrict_____coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,are4._____peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbyE-maileveryday.A.SeveralmillionB.ManymillionsC.SeveralmillionsD.Manymillion5.Americanseat_____vegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin1910.A.morethantwiceB.astwiceasmanyC.twiceasmanyasD.morethantwiceasmany6.Hedidit_____ittookme.A.one-thirdatimeB.one-thirdtimeC.theone-thirdtimeD.one-thirdthetime7.Manystudentssignedupforthe_____raceinthesportsmeetingtobeheldnextweek.A.800-meter-longB.800-meters-longC.800meterlengthD.800meterslength8.ItisreportedthattheUnitedStatesuses_____energyasthewholeofEurope.A.astwiceB.twicemuchC.twicemuchasD.twiceasmuch9.Shewenttothebookstoreandbought_____.A.dozenbooksB.dozensbooksC.dozenofbooksD.dozensofbooks10.Itisreportedthatthefloodshaveleftabout_____peoplehomeless.A.twothousandB.two-thousandsC.twothousandsD.twothousandsofII.Fillintheblankswiththesuitablewords.1.Effortstoreformthesystembeganintheearly_________(twenty)centuryandmetwithsomesuccessinthedecadesthatfollowed.2.—Thebosssaidwehadonlythreedaystofinishthework.—Don'tworry.Wehavealreadygotthroughtwo______(three)ofit.