2016高考英语语法复习被动语态

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十一、被动语态从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。()1.Weareconfidentthattheenvironmentbyourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.(2013辽宁)A.hadbeenimprovedB.willbeimprovedC.isimprovedD.wasimproved1.B。根据主句谓语时态是一般时可知从句要用一般将来时,表示对将来环境得到改善充满信心;theenvironment与动词improve之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。()2.—Sowhatistheprocedure?—Alltheapplicantsbeforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.(2013北京)A.interviewB.areinterviewingC.areinterviewedD.arebeinginterviewed2.C。此处指常规的事情,故用一般现在时,主语和动词之间逻辑上是动宾关系,故用被动语态。句意:“那个程序是怎么样的?”“在官方作出最后的决定前,所有的申请人都会被面试。”()3.Afterschoolwewenttothereadingroomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit.(2012安徽)A.wasdecoratedB.haddecoratedC.hadbeendecoratingD.wasbeingdecorated3.D。句意:放学后,我们去阅览室看书,结果发现阅览室正在装修,B和C可排除。根据语境可知,是“正在装修,尚未完成”,故选D。本题易错选A。这涉及一般过去时与过去进行时的区别,前者表示“已完成”,后者为“正在进行或尚未完成”。根据句意,装修是“正在进行”“尚未完成”。()4.Don’tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonowlaterinlife.A.willberepaidB.wasbeingrepaidC.hasbeenrepaidD.wasrepaid()5.Theflowersweresolovelythattheyinnotime.A.soldB.hadbeensoldC.weresoldD.wouldsell4.A。句意:……你现在所做的努力在以后的生活中会有回报的。显然是将来时态且为被动。5.C。句意:这些花好看得很,一下子就卖完了。用一般过去时的被动语态,表示过去发生的一次动作。1.谓语动词被动语态的构成:(1)基本形式:be+V­ed(其中be是构成被动语态的助动词,V­ed为及物动词的过去分词)(2)各种时态的被动语态只需要将be动词作相应的变化即可:实义动词的被动结构情态动词的被动结构一般现在时am/is/are+V­ed一般过去时was/were+V­ed一般将来时will/shallbe+V­ed过去将来时would/shouldbe+V­ed现在进行时am/is/arebeing+V­ed过去进行时was/werebeing+V­ed现在完成时has/havebeen+V­ed过去完成时hadbeen+V­ed一般将来完成时will/shallhavebeen+V­ed过去将来完成时would/shouldhavebeen+V­edcancouldmaymightshouldwouldoughtto...+be+V­ed(3)使用被动语态须注意的问题(表一)注意事项例句只有及物动词和及物动词短语才有被动语态,不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态,常见不及物动词和不及物动词短语有:appear,die,disappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace等。Thepricehasbeenrisen.(×)Thepricehasrisen.(√)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(×)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(√)Thepricehasraised.(×)Thepricehasbeenraised.(√)Pleaseseat.(×)Pleasebeseated.(√)Thisroomisbelongedtome.(×)Thisroombelongstome.(√)注意事项例句表示状态的及物动词,如have,cost,fit,last,own,hold,become等往往不能用于被动语态。Theshirtfitshimverywell.(√)Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt.(×)祈使句一般没有被动语态。Lookattheblackboard,please.(√)Theblackboardislookedatbyyou,please.(×)某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。HejoinedtheLeaguein1998.(√)TheLeaguewasjoinedbyhimin1998.(×)注意事项例句由“动词+名词”构成的英语习语(如makefaces,makefriends,takeplace等)一般不可改为被动语态。Theboymakefacesinclass.(√)Facesaremadebytheboyinclass.(×)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometownsincelastyear.(√)反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态。Youmustlookafteryourself.(√)Yourselfmustbelookedafter.(×)短语动词转换为被动语态时,通常被看作是一个动词,后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。Alltherubbishshouldbegotridof.MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.注意事项例句动词(read/write/sell/wash/clean/wear/open/eat/lock...)+副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly/...)表示主语的属性特征时,用主动形式表被动含义。Thishallmeasures100metreslongand60metreswide.ThistypeofcarsellswellinChina.2.非谓语动词的被动语态用法一览表(表二)类别构成形式用法例句不定式一般式:tobe+V­ed(过去分词)或toget+V­ed(有种意见视作系表结构,意义上表被动)表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者,该动作发生在谓语动作之后。在句子中可以作表语、定语、宾语或状语。Thenextthingtobedoneistogetthestudentsorganizedinsmallgroups.(作后置定语)TheyaskedtogetsenttothewestofChinatoworkasteachers.(作宾语)类别构成形式用法例句不定式完成式:tohavebeen+V­ed表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者,该动作发生在谓语动作之前。IamgladtohavebeengivenachancetoimprovemyEnglish.(作状语)Itisagreathonorforhimtohavebeenelectedamodelworker.(作主语补足语)类别构成形式用法例句V­ing动词(现在分词或动名词)一般式:being+V­ed表示某一被动动作正在进行或与谓语动作同时进行。在句子中作定语时,可以改为一个定语从句,从句的谓语用现在进行时的被动语态;在句中作状语时,可以改为一个状语从句,从句的谓语应用被动语态;若在句子中作主语、宾语时,传统语法视作动名词。You'llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.(=You'llfindthetopicwhichisbeingdiscussedeverywhere.)(作定语)Beingused,themachinecan'tbelenttoothers.(=Asitisbeingused,themachinecan'tbelenttoothers.)(作原因状语)Beingcriticizedhelpedhimseethingsmoreclearly.(动名词作主语)IstillrememberbeingtakentoShanghaiwhenIwasachild.(动名词作宾语)类别构成形式用法例句V­ing动词(现在分词或动名词)完成式:havingbeen+V­ed表示某一被动的动作在谓语动作之前已经完成。在句中通常作状语,可以改为一个状语从句。Havingbeenshownaroundthelabs,weweretakentoseethelibrary.(=Afterwehadbeenshownaroundthelabs,weweretakentoseethelibrary.)(作时间状语)过去分词仅有一种形式,即动词的­ed形式(过去分词)。常表示一个结束了的被动动作,主要用作定语、表语、状语、补足语等。Thehouseburntlastnightwasnotfarfromhere.(定语)Thewindowisbroken.(表语)中译英。1.这些东西很畅销,很快就卖完了。2.请你保持安静好吗?正在广播新闻,我想听听。3.这故事最后被翻译成了英文。4.这首歌非常值得听。1.Thesethingssoldwellandweresoldoutsoon.2.Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?ThenewsreportisbeingbroadcastandIwanttolisten.3.IntheendthestorywastranslatedintoEnglish.4.Thissongiswellworthlisteningto.5.自从二十世纪八十年代以来,这个村庄到处建起了楼房。6.已经采取了很多措施阻止污染。7.关于怎样学外语已经说得够多的了。8.他不喜欢被人嘲笑。9.我是不会去的,除非被邀请去。10.在太阳底下暴晒的时间太长会引起皮肤问题。5.Buildingshavebeenbuilteverywhereinthisvillagesincethe1980's.6.Manymeasureshavebeendonetostoppollution.7.Enoughhasbeensaidonhowtolearnforeignlanguages.8.Hedislikesbeinglaughedat.9.Iwon'tgounlessinvited(to).10.Beingexposedtothesunforalongtimewillcauseskinproblems.(四十三)十一、被动语态Directions:ForeachofthefollowingunfinishedsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.()1.—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoone.A.hurtB.washurtC.hashurtD.hadbeenhurt1.B。句意:——你听说市场里的那次火灾了吗?——是的,幸运地是没有人员受伤。这事发生在过去,又因为noone与hurt之间为被动关系,故用过去时态的被动语态。()2.Wehavecollectedsomefoodandc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