生物资源面临的严重威胁 生物多样性丧失

:2001-01-20;:2001-03-28:(KZ951-A1-204KZ951-A1-301KZ95T-04KT95T06)(1998040800):(1973),,,,E2mail:[e-mail]:,,,,(,810001):1400104,492;5%20%,610420a:,,,,,:;;:Q-16;X176:B:1007-7588(2002)02-0006-06ASERIOUSMENACETOBIOLOGICALRESOURCES:LOSSESOFBIODIVERSITYXUShi2xiao,ZHAOXin2quan,SUNPing,ZHAOWei,ZHAOTong2biao(NorthwestPlateauInstituteofBiology,CAS,Xining810001,China)Abstract:Accordingtotheestimationbyscientists,thereare14000000kindsoflivingbeingsinthewholeworld.Unfortunately,thespeciesaredecreasingatverysurprisingspeed.Itispointedoutinthearticlethatthereareabout492kindsofarborswhosehereditarydiversityisthreatenedatpresent.Moreover,itispredi2catedthatthereare5%20%speciesendangeredinthenearfuture.Mainreasonsofbio2diversityloses,arguedinthispaper,are:sharpincreasingdemandofbiologicalresources,withouteffectivemanagement,unreasonableactivityinproductionandliving,occupationofnaturalhabitat,aswellaspollutionofsoil,air,water,etc.Inrespectthatbiodiversityisvaluabletohumansociety,notonlyatpresent,butalsoinfuture,moreeffortsshouldbedevotedtopreventendangeredspeciesfromdisappearing.Keywords:Biodiversity;Value;Humanactivity,,,()3,;;[13],,,[4,5]11400104,170104,,[6]1980,,19,120080%[4];1m220104[7];3000[4],1.1,492;,15924220023RESOURCESSCIENCEVol.24,No.2Mar.,2002©1995-2003TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.[8]2050,,150015a;,1991,;1972;1984,[6]112,6500104a,,1001000[4]1600,11383,[6](1)90,:,,5%20%[9]1Table1Quantityofendangeredspeciesintheworld384332530226749559819078238113583213432992010502137394132170982212341886141355113111671226241037831721413764497:,19911.3,50%0117108hm2,30a,,[10,11],,,610430a,[12],;,,11%40%[12]2[1214]:();;;;;,,,,,2.1195040%100%33%[12],,,,,2.2,,;,,,2.3,;,,,,2.4,,,7242::©1995-2003TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,2.5,,,,();,[12],33.170,415%,870108[15],19891108t;,3P4[12],,32%,12%[6],,;;;,15%,,40%[16]:3.2,90%,,,,[15],[17],,,,,,,1%,100108[4],,[6],,,7000,710104,150[16],8290%[17],,,3.3,,3000150,118:71%,18%,5%3%(),109;2500[18,19];Cyclosporin,,;[6]3.4,,1300108t[20],,,,,,,,8242©1995-2003TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.CO2O2,CO2O2;,O2,,1km2SO288165kg10111t[18]3.5,,[21,22][4]:;;,255,;4,,[23,24]3.6,,8108,120108[15]3.7,;,;[6]44.1,,4915,62,,;,;,8848m,,,[25]353318427150,5619%2415%1114%,,;291244024300,5314%10%;1141236,92%5717%2915%;2000,40%;1064082100,70%50%10%2100,10116%,13180%1119%7150%5161%;2804,1311%[3,25]1500018000,662,78[26],,,,907,600;,500;204,15,10,28,5,25,48,27,12,13[27,28],,,,24812655527737[25]4.2,,,46001984389,,,7,1982,105,1987206,1988257,8377179242::©1995-2003TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.22,1814%6149%5131%10148%19811963117%,507101%3120%18111%801982400198730019932001994200100,[3,25],,,,,,,,6040%,7049%[26],,5062380472,[29];903,1,2,4,5,2[28],,;,50177914104hm2,608513104hm2,7021911104hm2,198029112104hm2,501613%,,[3,25],[30],41199104hm2,19176104hm2,47105%;60116104km2,70%,;,,,,,,,,,,,5,,,,,,,(References):[1],.[M].:,1999,128.CHENLing2zhi,WANGZu2wang.Theimpactofhumanalterationonecosystemdiversity[M].Zhejiang:ZhejiangScienceandTechn2ologypress,1999,128.[2].[J].,1993,1(1):2022.MAKe2ping.Ontheconceptofbiodiversity[J].Chinesebiodiversity,1993,1(1):2022.[3],,.[M].:,1997,147,198204.JIANGZhi2gang,MAKe2ping,HANXing2guo.ConservationBiology[M].ZhejiangScienceandTechnologypress,147,198204.[4]ShaidNaeem.:[R].:,1999.126.ShaidNaeemetal.BiodiversityandEcosystemFunction2ing:MaintainingNaturalLifeSupportProcesses[R].WashingtonDC:EcologicalSocietyofAmerica,1999.126.[5]YvonneB.[J].,1994,44(10):657660.660.YvonneB.Ecosystemfunc2tionofbiodiversity[J].Bioscience,1994,44(10):657.[6].[M].:,1993,1117.QIANYing2qian.Globalbiodiversity01242©1995-2003TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.strategy[M].Beijing:ChinaStandardpress,1993,1117.[7]PimentelD.[J].,1995,267:11171123.PimentelD,etal.Environmentalandeconomiccostsofsoilerosionandconservationbenefits[J].Science,1995,267:11171123.[8]WilsonEO.[J].,1989,9:108116.WilsonEO.Threatstobiodiversity[J].ScientificAmerican,1989,9:108116.[9]PimmSL,.[J].,1995,269:347350.PimmSL,etal.Thefutureofbiodiversity[J].Sci2ence,1995,269:347350.[10]CostanzaR,.[J].,1997,387:253260.CostanzaR,etal.Thevalueoftheworldsecosystemservicesandnaturalcapital[J].Na2ture.1997,387:253260.[11].?[J].,1995,3(4):242244.PANGSu2juan.Canthegloballossofspeciesbestoped?[J].Chinesebiodiversity,1995,3(4):242244.[12]RobertWatson.[J].,1999,36:110.RobertWatson.CommonThemesforEcologistsinGlobalIssues[J].JournalofAppliedEcology,1999,36:110.[13]Saunders,D.A.[J].,1991,1:1832.Saunders,D.A.etal.Biologicalconsequenceofecosystemfragmentation:Areview[J].Conser2vationBiology,1991,1:1832.[14],.[J].,1999,(19)4:560569.PENGShao2lin,XIANGYan2ci.Theinvasionofexoticplantsandeffectsofeco2system[J].Actaecologicalsinica,1999,(19)4:560569.[15]GretchenC.:[R].:,1997,118.GretchenCetal.Ecosystemservices:BenefitsSuppliedtoHu2manSocietiesbyNaturalEcosystem[R].WashingtonDC:Eco2logicalSocietyofAmerica,1997,118.[16]Prescott2AllenR,Prescott2AllenC.?[J].,1990,4:365374.Prescott2AllenR,Pr