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3133121(1,100012;2,100035),,,2,,,S512A1000-4890(2005)08-0953-05Effectsofurbanizationonbiodiversity:Areview.LIJunsheng1,GAOGixi1,ZHANGXiaolan2,ZHENGXi2aomei1(1ChineseResearchAcademyofEnvironmentalSciences,Beijing100012,China;2ForeignEconomicCooperationOffice,StateEnvironmentalProtectionAdministration,Beijing100035,China).ChineseJournalofEcology,2005,24(8):953957.Urbanizationisbeingdevelopedrapidlyintheworld.Urbandevelopmentnotonlyseriouslychangedthelivingenvironmentoforganisms,butalsocausedtherapidvarianceinbiodiversity.Inthispaper,thecharactersofur2banhabitatsweresummarized,withtheeffectsofurbanizationonbiodiversityreviewed.Thepatternofbiodi2versitydistributionalongagradientfromvillagetourbanwasanalyzed,andfurtherstudyontherelationshipbetweenurbanizationandbiodiversitywassuggested.Keywordsurbanization,biodiversity,distributionpattern.3(30270210)33:2004-09-22:2004-12-211,,,,,,[11],[17,18,20,28],,,,,[27],,,,,,,,,2,[13],,ChineseJournalofEcology2005,24(8):953957211,,,,5%15%,12,10%20%,2,8,5%30%,5%10%,10%,10[2],,,(),[10,23,24]()20%,,50%,80%[10,24],[10,11,24]212,2050,50100km,,,,(Tetraenamongolia),,,,[2]213,,,,,,,[15]214,,,,,,,,[1]3,,,,,,,,,,311,,[16][6,7,9,17,18,20,28][7,12,21][19],Kowarik[16],,,,,Blair[7]PaloAlto,7,21,;,45924821,54,310[2][3],,()Lee[17]Marzluff[20],[3,7,11,12,19,21],,,[3,11],,,80%,20%[3,22],,,,[8]PaloAlto[6][17],,(NDVI),,,[6]312,,,2,;,,,,[10,11,15,16,23,27]10,50,287,433,511[26],,,[22]Pa2loAlto,20%,25%,20%,,[7,8,26],,,(Zepidoptera)[8,12],(Coleoptera)(Homoptera)(Hemiptera),,,(Passermontanus),(Picapicasericea)(Cyanopicacyanusinterposita)(Hirundorusticagatturalis),,159,4614%,(Parusmajorartatus)(Laniuscristatuslucionensis)(Orioluschinensisdiffusus)(Paruspalustrishellmayri)(Sturnuscineraceus)(Pacapicasericea)(Dendrocopusmajorcabanisi),,,350,82154%,(Asiootusotus)(Cyanopicacyanainterposita)(Motacillaalbaleucopsis)(Pycnonotussinensissinensis)(Copsychussaularisprosthopellus)(Garrulaxcanoruscanorus)(Cuculuscanoruscanorus)(Oriolus559:chinensisdiffusus)(Streptopeliachinensischinensis)Vale[28]Luniak[18]Marzluff[20]Lee[17]Blair[6]Cam[9],,,,[9],,,,,,,12,183133:,,[16];,,,,[16];,,,,,,,,[26],,[16,26]422,2:2(non2equilibriumofhump2shapeddistributions),,;(monotonicallydecreasingspeciesrichnessfromruraltourbancore)(intermediatedisturbancehypothesis),,2,[25][7][12][4][14][19,22,23,26],,,,,,[6,7,25],,,,,(Accipiterspp1)(Falconidaespp1)(Vulpesspp1)[4,15,25],,,,,,,,,[2];(Procyonlotor),[4,15]Marzluff[20],2,,Marzluff[20]5151,31(61%),20,,,McKinney[22],51,,,,5,659248,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,;,,;,,;,,;,,[1],,,.2004.[J].,23(2):102104.[2].1996.[J].,12(4):3236.[3].1984.[J].,5(1):2940.[4]AdamsLW.1994.UrbanWildlifeHabitats[M].Minneapolis:U2niversityofMinneapolisPress.[5]BellHL.1986.OccupationofUrbanHabitatsbyBirdsinPapuaNewGuinea[M].LosAngeles:WesternFoundationofVerte2brateZoology.[6]BlairRB.1996.Landuseandavianspeciesdiversityalonganur2bangradient[J].Ecol.Appl.,6:506519.[7]BlairRB.2001.BirdsandbutterfliesalongurbangradientsintwoecoregionsoftheU.S[A].In:LockwoodJL,eds.BioticHomog2enization[C].Norwell(MA):Kluwer,3356.[8]BlairRB,LaunerAE.2002.Butterflydiversityandhumanlanduse:Speciesassemblagesalonganurbangradient[J].Biol.Cons.,80:113125.[9]CamE,NicholsJD,SauerJR,etal.2000.Relativespeciesrich2nessandcommunitycompleteness:Birdsandurbanizationinthemid2AtlanticStates[J].Ecol.Appl.,10:11961210.[10]CollinsJP,KinzigA,GrimmNB,etal.2000.Anewurbanecolo2gy[J].Am.Sci.,88:416425.[11]CzechB,KrausmanPR,DeversPK.2000.EconomicassociationsamongcausesofspeciesendangermentintheUnitedStates[J].Biol.Sci.,50:593601.[12]DenysC,SchmidtH.1998.Insectcommunitiesonexperimentalmugwortplotsalonganurbangradient[J].Oecologia,113:114116.[13]EdmondsonB.2000.Censusreveals33newurbanmarkets[J].Am.Demogr.,13:812.[14]GermaineSS,WakelingBF.2001.LizardspeciesdistributorsandhabitatoccupationalonganurbangradientinTucson,Arizona,USA[J].Biol.Cons.,97:229237.[15]KendleT,ForbesS.1997.UrbanNatureConservation[M].Lon2don:ChapmanandHail.[16]KowarikI.1995.Theroleofalienspeciesinurbanfloraandveg2etation[A].In:PysekP,eds.PlantInvasions2GeneralAspectsandSpecialProblems[C].Amsterdam(Netherlands):SPBAca2demic,85103.[17]LeePF,DingTS,HsuFH,etal.2004.BreedingbirdspeciesrichnessinTaiwan:Distributionongradientsofelevation,prima2ryproductivityandurbanization[J].J.Biogeogr.,31:307314.[18]LuniakM.1994.ThedevelopmentofbirdcommunitiesinnewhousingestatesinWarsaw[J].MemorabiliaZool.,49:257267.[19]Mackin2RogalskaR,PinowskiJ,SolonJ,etal.1988.Changesinvegetation,avifauna,andsmallmammalsinasuburbanhabitat[J].PolishEcol.Studies,14:293330.[20]MarzluffJM.2001.Worldwideurbanizationanditseffectsonbirds[A].In:MarzluffJM,eds.AvianEcologyinanUrbanizingWorld[C].Norwell(MA):Kluwer,1947.[21]McIntyreNE.2000.Ecologyofurbanarthropod:Areviewandacalltoaction[J].Ann.Ent.Soc.Am.,93:825835.[22]McKinneyML.2002.Urbanization,biodiversity,andconserva2tion[J].BioScience,52:883890.[23]MedleyKE,McDonnelMJ,PickettSTA.1995.Forest2landscapestructurealonganurban2to2ruralgradient[J].Pro.Geogr.,47:159168.[24]PickettSTA,CadenassoML,GroveJM,etal.2