瘤胃微生物多样性与分析技术的研究进展

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201021*1、、,、,(,2004)。,1010~1011、105~106、(103~105,6)(105~106)(,2008)。,。、,,。,24h,2d。,(,2004)。,、,,(,2004)。,,。,、,,,,,、。22.1,。10%~20%,,,。16SrDNA(Muyzer,1999)。、。2.1.1(2009)60~120d,,,、。、、[],。。[];;;[]S816.7[]A[]1004-3314(2010)21-0007-05[Abstract]Rumenmicrofloraisacomplexsystemandthemicrobialdiversitydetermineanimal’shealthandproductionperformance.Thisarticlereviewedtheprogressofdiversityoftherumenmicrofloraandthetechnicalmeanstotakeanoverviewoftheroleofprobioticsontherumenmicroorganisms.[Keywords]rumen;microbialdiversity;analysistechnologyforrumenmicrobe;probiotics*7201021,。(2009),。2.1.2(2005),16SrDNA,,。(2008)PCR-16SrDNA,56,7PCR,,(A0625、A1212、0131)、(0113)、(0091)、(0083)(0123)。(2008)316SrRNA,。2.1.3(2007)(DGGE)、、,1416SrDNA497%,13,。3,,。,、、、、,,、。,,。2.2()(,2009)。2.2.1Hungate(1969),,、、、、、。,,(mostproba-blenumber,MPN)。2.2.1.1(Hungate)1950。,(2007)、、。,,,,,,。2.2.1.2(MPN)MPN、。、、、、、、,();(,2005)。De-hority(1989)MPN,;Theodorou(1990)MPN,,MPN,。,,,pH。,MPN8201021,。MPN。2.2.2,。,。2080,RNA16SrRNA,,。2.2.2.1()DGGE,(,2007)。DGGE、(,2009)。DGGE,DNARNA,,。,DNADNA1%,;,DNA,DNA,DNA(,2008)。2.2.2.216S/18SrRNA(),1979,RNA(),,,,;RNARNA。(2006),RNA,,。,,,。,。2.2.2.3,。(FISH)、PCR。,。16SrRNA,。,,,,,。,16S/18SrRNA/rDNA,DGGE、、FISH、PCRPCR,。,DGGE,DNADNA1%,;1010/mL,0.01%,PCR0.00001%。,。PCR,,,PCRPCR,。,。2.32.3.19201021,、、、pH,、,。,pH,,(,2008)。,,,、。、、、、。,,、。,,;,。:(1);(2);(3);(4)(,2009)。,。2.3.2,,、,、、,、,。,,,,,,,(,2008)。,、、、;、、、(,2008)。,Chaucheyras-Durand(2008),,pH,;,,、、,、(,2005);,(DiFrancia,2008);,(Mwenya,2004)。,,21%16%(TripathiKarim,2010)。3,、,、,,,,-。,、,“”。[1],,.[J].,2005,16(8):1577~1580.[2],,,.[J].,2007,24(7):77~82.[3].[M].:,2004.64~121.[4],,,.PCR-16SrDNA[J].,2008,39(10):1367~1372.[5],,,.[J].,2009,36(4):19~24.[6],,.DGGE[J].,2008,29(3):101~103.[7],,,.ffh[J].,2009,31(6):752~754,766.[8],,,.、[J].,2008,39(9):58~61.10201021,,3。,,700。,,。,,。(),,。,1250。,。,,。,、,,。,、、,,,,,。(),,。,,,,。,,“”,,,,。[9],,.[J].,2008,48(1):8~14.[10],.[J].,2007,3:10~14.[11],,,.rpoB16SrDNA[J].,2007,47(2):285~289.[12],,,.[J].,2006,33(3):7~10.[13],,,.[J].,2008,29(15):7~9.[14],,,.[J].,2005,45(6):915~919.[15],,.DGGE[J].,2009,08():56~57.[16].:[][D].:,2005.[17],,,.[J].,2009,14(1):111~116.[18].[D].:,2007.[19],,,.[J].,2008,2:86~89.[20]Chaucheyras-DurandF,WalkerND,BachA.Effectsofactivedryyeastsontherumenmicrobialecosystem:Past,presentandfuture[J].AnimalFeedScienceandTechnology,2008,145:5~26.[21]DiFranciaA,MasucciF,DeRosaG,etal.EffectsofAspergillusoryzaeextractandaSaccharomycescerevisiaefermentationproductonintake,bodyweightgainanddigestibilityinbuffalocalves[J].AnimalFeedScienceandTechnology,2008,140:67~77.[22]DehorityBA,TirabassoPA,GrifoAP.Most-probable-numberproce-duresforenumeratingruminalbacteria,includingthesimultaneousestimationoftotalandcellulolyticnumbersinonemedium[J].AppliedandEnvironmentalMicrobiology,1989,55(11):2789~2792.[23]HungateRE.Arolltubemethodforcultivationofstrictanaerobes[M].In:NorrisJR,RibbonsDW(eds).MethodsinMicrobiology.Vol3B.LondonandNewYork:AcademicPress,1969,117~132.[24]MuyzerG.DGGE/TGGEamethodforidentifyinggenesfromnaturale-cosystems[J].CurrOpinMicrobiol,1999,2:317~322.[25]MwenyaB,SantosoB,SarC,etal.Effectsofincludingβ1-4galacto-oligosaccharides,lacticacidbacteriaoryeastcultureonmethanogenesisaswellasenergyandnitrogenmetabolisminsheep[J].AnimalFeedScienceandTech-nology,2004,115:313~326.[26]TripathiMK,KarimSA.Effectofindividualandmixedliveyeastculturefeedingongrowthperformance,nutrientutilizationandmicrobialcrudepro-teinsynthesisinlambs[J].AnimalFeedScienceandTechnology,2010,155:163~171.[27]TheodorouMK,GillM,King-Spooner,etal.Enumerationofanaerobicchytridiomycetesasthallusformingunits:novelmethodforquantificationoffibrolyticfungalpopulationsfromthedigestivetractecosystem[J].AppEnvironMicrobiol,1990,56:1073~1078.[:12507,:100081]!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(5)11

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