1To:2009年月日VIP学员补课专用高考英语完型密码吴军金牌教案一(育才、实验、二中专用)主编人:吴军完形填空的解题要决一巧用首句信息:①利用首句把握文章的体裁:如果文章开头交代事情发生的时间、地点以及人物等,毫无疑问就是记叙文;如果文章开门见山点明话题或作者的观点,那么很可能就是议论文或说明文。②分析首句信息,预测下文内容:一般情况下,根据首句所给的线索,就能粗知短文的大概内容。由首句的提示,加上语法分析、逻辑推理,并借助于短文中关键词语所提供的信息以及上下文之间的关系,就能进一步确切了解短文内容,为确定答案开辟道路。例1:Montyownsahorseranch(牧场)inSanSedro.Oncewhenaskedabouthis____,hetoldthestoryaboutayoungman,sonofahorsetrainer.A.lifeB.successC.familyD.job[分析]:例2:…Beingaloneinouterspacecanbefrightening.Thatisonereasonwhyastronautsonsolo(单独的)spaceflightsweregivenplentyofworktokeepthem____.A.tiredB.asleepC.aliveD.busy[分析]:例3:WhenIcomeacrossagoodarticleinreadingnewspapers,Ioftenwanttocutandkeepit.ButjustasIamabouttodoso,Ifindthearticle(文章)onthe____sideisalsointeresting…A.eachB.otherC.anotherD.either完形填空解题要决二巧用上下文语境。①注意上下文的信息提示:信息提示出现在前文时,可以根据前文的信息提示确定答案;信息提示出现在后文时,我们应该先把此空暂时搁置,在理解了后文的基础上,再确定答案。②通读全文,利用复现词语:完形填空试题中,一些词语会重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现使得语篇中的句子相互衔接,从而构成一个完整的、有机的意义整体。把握这些反复出现的词语,有助于我们确定正确答案。例1:ReadingisawayoflearningEnglishwithoutclassesorateacher.Ithelpsdeveloplearners’independence.Andwhilereadinggradedreaders,learnersdon’thavetoruna____becausethelanguageisattheirlevel.A.dictionaryB.teacherC.studentD.recorder[分析]:2例2:AllofasuddenIstartedtofeelrather__1__.ShewonderedwhyIwaslookingforthissortof__2___.Ifeltevenmorehopelesswhenshetoldmethatitwouldbedifficulttogetajobwithoutexperience.1.A.encouragedB.dissatisfiedC.hopelessD.pleased2.A.placeB.jobC.adviceD.help[分析]:例3:YearsagoinScotland,theClarkfamilyhadadream.Clarkandhiswifeworkedand____,makingplansfortheirninechildrenandthemselvestotravelto2(America).Ithadtakenyears,buttheyhad3(finally)savedenoughmoneyandhadgottenpassportsandreservationsforthewholefamilyonanewlinerttheUnitedStates.A.spentB.addedC.savedD.played[分析]:完形填空的解题要决三根据文化背景常识:①利用英语国家的文化背景知识,英语国家的文化背景知识包括英语国家的风俗习惯、历史事件、地理位置等。我们做题时若能积极调动自己的文化背景知识,注意中西文化各方面存在的差异,将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,选出正确的答案。②结合生活常识,避免常识性错误。完形填空文章的内容经常与日常生活相关,因此当我们对语言的把握不准确时,可充分利用社会知识和科普常识来帮助判断。例1:SometimesIreallydoubtwhetherthereislovebetweenmyparents.Theyareverybusyworkingtosupportthefamily.Theydon’tactintheromanticwaysthatIreadinbooksorIseonTV.FlowerstoeachotheronValentine’sDay(情人节)isevenmoreoutofthequestion.A.TakingB.PassingC.BuyingD.Sending[分析]:例2:Firestationsarestrangelyexcitingplaces.Inthenormalcourseofeventsthegreatdoorsareshut,andbehindthem,thefire-engineswaitpeacefully,brightlycleanedandlovinglycaredfor.Butthemomentthefirealarmsounds,thehugedoorsopenimmediatelyandthefiremencome.A.fleeingB.laughingC.jumpingD.rushing例3:Myparentsarequitesurprised.TheyalwaysthoughtIwouldbecomean30teacher!A.mathsB.EnglishC.chemistryD.Chinese[分析]3完形填空的解题要决四灵活掌握名词、动词在句子中的应用。①结合语境及名词、动词词义辨析选出最佳答案:词义辨析主要集中在实词,即名词、动词、形容词和副词。设题通常以同义词、反义词或易混词的形式出现。这就要求我们在做题时要根据上下文语境确定答案,将意义相反或相差较大的选项剔除掉,选择使句子结构完整、语法正确、语意符合逻辑的最佳答案。②夯实基础,牢记含有名词、动词的短语或固定搭配:对含义清晰的名词、动词短语或固定搭配,可以边读边猜测答案,遇到有能和空白前后构成固定搭配的选项,只要符合文意则可以不考虑其他选项,因此我们平时要注重短语或固定搭配的积累。例1:“Onlyamiracle(奇迹)cansavehimnow”,thelittlegirlwenttoherbedroomandtookoutherpiggybank.Sheemptiedallthechangeoutonthefloorandcounteditcarefully.Thensheherwaysixblockstothelocaldrugstore.“Andwhatdoyouwant?”askedthechemist.A.followedB.madeC.feltD.found[分析]:例2:“Stopthatman!”Vernonshouted.“Hehasabomb!”Everywhere,passengerswere____theirfeetandscreaming.A.runningoverB.jumpingoverC.runningtoD.jumpingto[分析]:例3:Whyissettinggoalsimportant?Becausegoalscanhelpyouyou,be,andexperienceeverythingyouwantinlife.Insteadofjustlettinglifehappentoyou,goalsallowyourselfto____yourlifehappen.A.leaveB.causeC.makeD.get[分析]:完形填空的解题要决五把握文章脉络,识别句式特点。①把握文章脉络,偏重观点、态度,慎边读边做。我们在通通览全文的基础上,要从整体上把握文脉,找出完形填空短文的主题大意,作者的观点、态度,文章展开的线索等信息。②学好语法知识,积累句型句式。尽管高考淡化语法,注重情景,但是扎实的语法功底,良好的语感对于完形填空题是大有帮助的。例1:Itwaspouringoutside.Weallstoodthere____,somepatiently,othersannoyedbecausenaturemesseduptheirhurriedday.Igotlostinthesoundandsightofthe…A.chattingB.waitingC.complainingD.talking[分析]:4例2:“Tonightwassupposedtobe____----tocelebratesixmonths.Youdorememberwe’reengaged,don’tyou?”A.normalB.sleeplessC.specialD.sad[分析]:例3:Thestory____tobethis:Georgeboughtalotteryticket(彩票)afewdaysagoandwonaprizeof$500,000.A.turnedupB.turnedoutC.turneddownD.turnedoff[分析]:例4:Ellsworth,apatientwhohadsufferedseveralfailuresinbusiness,didnotshowmuchinterestinpaintingatfirst.But____theweekswentby,Swain’svisitsgrewmorefrequently.A.asB.withC.sinceD.hadto[分析]:三板斧:转折关系:①标志词:but,yet,however,although,though,while,inspiteof,despite,bycontrast,onthecontrary,文中一出现“but”“Although”“though”“however,”“while”等词,应该马上想到前后语意有转折。只要知道其中一方的语意,就可以反向推出另一方的意思,从而解题。完形填空题中,but一词后多半会设题。所以,在考试时,只要看到but就做一个标记,遇到类似but这样表转折的词也同样处理。这样便于回到原文去寻找解题的依据。②前后句子的名词同指,但句意对立,往往出现以下情况:a.褒贬对立;b.句式结构对立,前肯后否、前否后肯!转折特点:一句肯定,一句否定;前后句有一组反义词;前句是形副词原级,后句是比较级;前句是一般过去式,后句是一般现在时或前句是过去完成时,后句是一般过去式;后句有一”still”词;前句有“Maybe”,“Perhaps”,“Itmeightbe”“Itshould/oughttobe”等表示“可能”\“本应该”的副词或情态动词。否定否定词,untiljustasjustlikedidn’tUnless/if...noteventhough/afterneverWithouteversincebuthowever,although◆Humanbeings,21,haveaproblemthatanimalsneverface.21.A.thereforeB.butC.besidesD.however◆Ireallydidn'tcarewhy,46itgavemeafewminutesofherprecious47soIwasveryquieta