硕士论文-曝气生物滤池处理有机废水

湘潭大学硕士学位论文曝气生物滤池处理有机废水姓名：李小兵申请学位级别：硕士专业：环境工程指导教师：杨运泉20060501IA/OA/A/OA-BSBRhKeSS10−=()CODCOD1131COD95%SS86%NH3-N47%IINH3-NTNCODSSNH3-NHRTIIIABSTRACTInthefieldofwastewatertreatment,usingtraditionaltechnology,suchasactivatedsludgemethodanddeformationprocess,biologicaloxidationditchmethod,biologicaldenitrificationandphosphorusremovalmethod(A/OA/A/Oandotherimprovedmethod),A-BandSBRmethod,etc,effluentqualitycanreachtheordinarywaterqualitystandardofeffluent.Butitisdifficulttomeetthedemandofrecyclingofurbanwastewater,andtheinvestmentforthemislarge,occupyinglandisbig,inadditionthemanagementofthesemethodaredifficult,cannotmeetthedemandofhighefficiencyandenergysaving.Somanykindsofnewmethodwerestudiedanddeveloped.Biologicalaeratedfilter(BAF)whichovercomestheinsufficienciesoftraditionalmethodisanewmethoddevelopedbasedonthem.Asanewmethodofwastewatertreatment,Biologicalaeratedfilter(BAF)hasbeenappliedabroadforatime.Experienceshowed,usingthismethod,thewaterqualityofeffluentisbetter,withadvantageoflowinvestmentincapitalconstruction,occupyinglessland,lowrunningcostandconvenientmanagement,especially,themodularizedstructureofthismethodisgoodtothefuturedevelopment.Themethodcanberunasaseparatesystem;alsocanbecombinedwithotherwastewatertreatment.Biologicalaeratedfilter(BAF),asanewmethodreplacingtraditionalmethods,ismethodfitforourcountry.Thepaperanalyzedthetreatingmechanismanddynamicsofbiologicalaeratedfilterintheory,studiedthetreatingeffectsandrunningconditionsofthreewastewatertreatmentbyBAFthroughexperiment,exploredthecommonlawofthem,theresultsareasfollows:1.Mechanismofpollutantremovalbybiologicalfilteringtankcanbesummedupasfollows:biologicaloxidation,filteringandinterception,biologicalflocculationandpredationoffoodchain.2.DynamicmodeoforganicmatterinthebiologicalfilteringtankreactorishKeSS10−=themodereflectsdynamicalchangeofradicleconcentrationalongtheflowintankreactor.3.ThroughanalyzingtheremovalofNH3-Ndynamicalofthebiologicalaeratedfilteringtankreactor,indicatesthattheremovalreactionofNH3-Nofsinglestepbiologicalaeratedfiltercandivideintothreedifferentdynamicalspeed-limitedarea.Thatisdissolvedoxygenconcentrationcontrollingarea,tworadiclesIV(bottomsubstanceanddissolvedoxygen)controllingarea,andbottomsubstanceconcentrationcontrollingarea.4.VolumetricloadinghasgreatereffectontheremovalofCOD.Ifthevolumetricloadingistoolow,microorganismwillnotgetenoughnutrition,andwillbeharmfultokeepingbiologicalmembranegrowingandrenewing;Bycontrary,ifthevolumetricloadingistoohigh,sewagewillbedischargedwhenmicroorganismdon’tdegradeorganismfurthest,sothesewagewilldisposeineffectively.5.Underthefixedvolumetricloadingcondition,ithaslesseffectontheremovalofCODtochangehydraulicloadinginsomerange.Accordingexperience,keepinggas-to-sewageratiofrom1:1to3:1,itcanaffordenoughoxygenanddon’terodebiologicalfilmseriously.RemovalefficiencyoforganicwastewaterbyBFTisexcellent.Undersuitablecontrolledconditionsandprocessparameter,removalrateofCOD,SS,NH3-NbyBFTcanreach95%,86%,47%.TheremovalprocesswasfinishedmainlyonAerobicstage;filteringprocessisfinishedbyanaerobiclayer.Inaddition,whenwastewaterflowsthroughanaerobiclayer,nitrificationoccurs.Ifthehydraulictimeisenough,denitrificationwilloccurs,andthusNH3-NandTNwasremoved.VolumetricloadinghasgreatereffectontheremovalofCODandSS;HydraulicloadhaslesseffectonCODandSS,butgreaterontheremovalofNH3-N.So,accordingtodifferentcharactersofwastewater,suitablevolumetricloading,hydraulicrateandHRTmustbeconsidered.Undertheconditionofmaintainingenoughresolvedoxygeninthetank,increasinggas-to-sewageratio,treatmenteffectdidn’timprovedmarkedly,separatedstageBAFmethod(deleteanaerobiclayer),bycontrollinggas-to-sewageratioindifferentstage,canintensifytheeffectofbiochemicalfunctionindifferentstage,acceleratethegraduateddegradationoforganicmatter.Iftheeffluentqualitycannotreachthedischargestandard,effluentrecyclingmethodcanbeusedtoensureandcontroltheeffluentquality,buttheenergyconsumptionandrunningcostwillincreaseKeywords:BAF;Wastewatertreatment;Volumetricloading;Hydraulicloading;Mechanism;Dynamics11.1[1][2]A/OA/A/OA-BSBR[3]BiologicalAeratedFilterBAFupflowbiofiltrationreactorBIOFOR8090[4][5]80[6][7]SSCODBODAOX[8][9][10]1.21.2.1[11]BiologicalAeratedFilter,BAF22080[12]BODSS1.2.2BIOCARBONE[13]1-12540cmBIOCARBONESS[14]1.1BIOCARBONE3BIOFOR[15]BIOFORBIOFORBIOFORSSSS[16]BIOSTYR[17]OTVBIOSTYRENE1BIOSTYRBIOFORBIOFOR1-21-2BIOFORBIOPUR[18]BIOPURVATATECHWABAGWinterthur2080-BIOPUR[19]20%30%50%4BIOCARBONEBIOFORBIOSTYR1.2.3[20]68m3/(m2.h)26kgBOD5/(m³.d)0.52kgNO3-N/(m³.d)0.85.0kgNO3-N/(m³.d);BIOFORC/N(13):1,BIOFORN23:1;24m;28mm;2448h;8%32030min1.2.40.50.66hBIOFORSS10mg/l110mBIOFORBIOFORC/N,BIOFORBIOFORC/N+BIOFORNBIOFOR5SSSSSSSS1.3[21]7;61.41/51/1010%15%[22]CODBOD5SSNH3-N1-1A2/OSBR[23]1-1A2/0SBRBAF1-1.5m3-4m3-3.5m100%-150%SS30BOD=15TKN=15SS30BOD=15TKN=15SS15BOD=15TKN=1571.541m³/d24m³/d31m³/d12m³/d582.1CO22-12-192-1[24]2.2102.2.12.2.22.2.3(EPS)[25]2.2.411[26]10%90%10%2.3Liu[26]122.3.1COD[2728][2930]1ksdtdsr−==2-1rStK2-22-22-2HQSoSeA13dvQdsmg/ddv()()dvdtdsdvdt