2014中考英语必考知识点可数one,each,many,both,another,either,neither,(a)few不可数much,(a)little可数/不可数one,any,other,all,some复合不定代词anyone,anybody,anything;someone,somebody,something;everyone,everybody,everything;nobody,nothingall:指三者或三者以上的所有,可以作形容词修饰名词复数,作代词,可作主语、宾语或同位语;后可接of介词短语。both:指“两者都”,可以作形容词修饰名词复数,作代词,可作主语、宾语或同位语;后可接of介词短语。each:“每一个”,一般指两者中的每一个,也可指许多中的每一个;可以作形容词修饰名词单数,作代词,可作主语、宾语或同位语;后可接of介词短语。Therearetreesoneachside/bothsidesoftheriver.Eachofushasachancetogotouniversity.Weeachhaveadictionary.every:三者或三者以上中的每一个,是形容词,只能作定语,后面不能接of介词短语。either:指“两者中一个”或“两者中无论哪一个”,可以作形容词修饰名词单数,作代词作主语、宾语;后可接of介词短语。Ifyoukeepstill,youcansitoneitherendoftheboat.Idon’tlikeeitherofthem.Doyouhaveanyotherblouse?都任何都不两者botheitherneither两者(以上)allanynone◆----Doyouwantteaorcoffee?----_____.Ireallydon’tmind.A.BothB.NoneC.EitherD.Neither◆Idon’tcarefor______ofthehats.Wouldyoushowmeathirdone?A.allB.noneC.eitherD.both◆Thethievesranawayseparately,_____carryingabag.A.allB.eachC.everyD.either◆Iunderstoodmostofwhattheysaidbutnot______word.A.anyB.eachC.everyD.one◆—Excuseme,butcanyoutellmewhichroadIshouldtaketothepostoffice?—_______ofthefourroadswilldo.A.AnyB.NeitherC.BothD.Everynone=notany;notoneHowmany/howmuch?◆Hewantsmetolendhimsomemoney,butIhaveathand.nothing=notanythingWhat?◆Nothingisnotanythingonthetable.桌子上什么也没有。=isonthetable.noone=nobodyWho?◆Nobodylikesapersonwithbadmanners.没有人喜欢不讲礼貌的人。=likesapersonwithbadmanners.◆—Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?瓶子里有多少水?—.一点也没有。◆—What’sonthetable?桌上有什么?—.什么也没有。◆—Whowillgototheparty?谁将去参加晚会?—.没人去。◆----Howmuchvinegardidyouputinthesalad?----I’msorrytosay,_______.Iforgot.A.noB.nothingC.nooneD.none◆—I’velookedeverywhere,butIhaven’tfoundanyblackink.—then,I’mafraidthereis______left.A.nothingB.nooneC.noneD.neither不定代词意义用法说明another任何一个,另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,用作代词或形容词。如:Idon’tlikethiscoat.Showmeanother,please.other另外的只作定语,常与复数名词或不可数名词连用;但如果前面有the,this,thatsome,any,each,every,no,one及my,your,his等时,则可与单数名词连用。如:anyotherplant,everyotherday。theother两者中的另一个常与one连用,构成:one…theother…一个……另一个……;作定语修饰复数名词时,表示“全部其余的”others泛指别的人或物是other的复数形式,泛指别的人或物(但不是全部),不能作定语,构成some…others…theothers特指其余的人或物是theother的复数形式,特指其余的人或物。theothers=theother+复数名词◆Twoboyswillgotothezoo,andwillstayathome.others是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个”,“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。◆Doyouhavequestion(s)?你还有其他问题吗?◆Someofuslikesinginganddancing,goinforsports.◆Givemeothers,please.请给我别的东西吧!◆Thereareothers.没有别的了。theother指两个人或物中一个时,只能用theother,不能用another,这里other作代词。◆Hehastwodaughters.Oneisanurse,isaworker.theother后可加单数名词,也可加复数名词,此时的other作形容词。◆Onsideofthestreet,thereisatalltree.◆Idon’tlikethisone.Pleaseshowmeanother.=Idon’tlikethisone.Pleaseshowme.WhatcanIsay?我还能说什么呢?◆Bothofthemhaven’treadthisstory.并非他们二人都看过这个故事。=oneofthemreadthisstory.◆Allbamboodoesn’tgrowtall.并非所有的竹子都长得高。=bamboogrowstall.=Somebamboogrowstall,somedoesn’t.◆wedon’tfearanydifficulty.我们不怕困难。=Wefear.one,ones,theone,theones,that,those◆Thebookonthedeskisbetterthanthatunderthedesk.=Thebookonthedeskisbetterthanunderthedesk.◆Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanthoseunderthedesk.=Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanunderthedesk.◆HehaslivedinLondonandNewYork,buthedoesn’tlike______city.A.neitherB.eitherC.bothD.all◆—Doyouhaveapassport,sir?—Yes,Ihave_______.Hereyouare.A.itB.thatC.oneD.this指代题指代题作为词义题的一种,也是常见题型之一。解这类题,要注意代词批代总的原则——就近指代:代词指代在性(阴性或阳性)、数(单数或复数)、格(主格或宾格)、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。就位置而言,如上所述,代词所指代的名词通常在本句或其上句之中;就数而言,单数代词指代单数名词,复数代词指代复数名词:◆性、数:Maxpulledbill’strousers,asif(E)hewastryingtopullhimalong.划线部分E在文中指代的是_____________◆数(单数):it指代单数名词(单数可数名词或不可数名词),也可指代一个句子;Italsosaysthattheideathatweneedlesssleepaswegetolderiscompletelyuntrue(D)‘‘Peoplehavenoideahowimportantsleepistotheirlives,”DrThomasRoth,directoroftheFoundationsays.“Goodhealthneedsgoodsleep’’“Butnottoomuchof(E)it,”saysProfessorJimHomeofLoughboroughUniversity.划线部分E在文中指代的是_____________Thenextdayapictureofablackhorsewasonthedoorofthebarinsteadof(E)thatofthewhitehorse.划线部分E在文中指代的是_____________◆they指代复数名词主格;Wehopethatgreenbuildingswillbecomecommoninthefuture,because(E)theyaregoodfortheenvironment.划线部分E在文中指代的是_____________◆them指代复数名词宾格;Theyalsogaveussignswithnumberson(C)themforcompetitionsduringtheshow.划线部分C在文中指代的是_____________◆one指代单可数名词等。Mr.Zhanggavemeaveryvaluablepresent,one(=apresent)thatIhaveneverseen.Mr.Zhanggavememanyvaluablepresents,ones(=manypresents)thatIhaveneverseen.除了位置、性、数和格等方面的要求外,逻辑和意义也是衡量的标准,也就是说,正确的答案应该从意义(主要指语法搭配)上和逻辑(主要指思想内容)上而言都通顺。since,for,because,as表原因的用法区别:because:表示直接的原因或理由。用于回答Why的问题。because与so不能同时并列使用。since:表示对方已知的,无须加以说明的既成事实的理由。译为“既然”。as:表示十分明显的原因,一般说明因果关系。for:常出现在并列句中,不说明主句行为的直接原因,只提供补充说明,且不可位于句首。◆youcan'tanswerthequestion,I'llasksomeoneelse.=youcan'tanswerthequestion,I'llasksomeoneelse.=youcan'tanswerthequestion,I'llasksomeoneelse.=youcan'tanswerthequestion,I'llasksomeoneelse.◆_______youareleavingtomorrow,wecaneatdinnertogethertonight.A.ForB.SinceC.WhenD.while◆Itmustbemorning,thebirdsaresinging.◆Wecouldn'tgooutyoucan'tanswerthequestion,I'llasksomeoneelse.when,while与as的用法:均可表示“当……的时候”,但有区别:when:既可接表示动作性或短暂性的动词,也可接表示状态的动词,不强调主从句谓语动作同时发生。有时还有“这时”的意思。while:常接持续性的动词,强调主从句谓语动作同时发生,常用进行时。有时还有对比