2014届高三英语大一轮复习Book3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthest

1Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsⅠ.单项填空1．Dr.PeterSpence，________headmasteroftheschool，toldus，“________fifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.”A．/；AB．/；TheC．the；TheD．a；A答案A解析句意为：彼得·斯宾塞博士，即学校的校长告诉我们：“这里五分之一的学生会继续在牛津和剑桥大学学习。”Dr.PeterSpence与其后的headmasteroftheschool是同位关系，表示官职的名词前应使用零冠词。表示分数时，其分子可用冠词a或one。2．Tomhasagreedtoletmeusehiscar,and________I’mtreatinghimtoagooddinneratthenewly­builtrestaurantjustaroundthecorner.A．inchargeB．inplaceC．inreturnD．inturn答案C解析考查介词短语的辨析。incharge负责，掌管；inplace在适当的位置；inreturn作为回报；inturn反过来。句意为：汤姆同意让我用他的车，作为回报，我要在拐角处新开的饭馆请他好好吃一顿。3．Thecomputersystem________suddenlywhilehewassearchingforinformationontheInternet.A．brokedownB．brokeoutC．brokeupD．brokein答案A解析考查动词短语辨析。breakdown出故障；breakout(战争、火灾等)爆发；breakup解散，分手；breakin闯入。句意为：他在网上查找信息时电脑系统突然坏了。4．Theschoolhasdevelopedanonlinesystem________studentscanchoosetheirownteachers.A．whichB．whenC．thatD．where答案D解析考查定语从句的引导词。先行词为system，且在从句中作状语，故用where引2导。句意为：学校研发了一个网络系统，在这一系统中学生可以选择自己的老师。5．Themeetingwasheldinalively________andeverybodyfeltfreetosharehisideas.A．atmosphereB．weatherC．situationD．phenomenon答案A解析考查名词词义辨析。atmosphere气氛，氛围；weather天气；situation情形，状况；phenomenon现象。6．Themanagerhadfallenasleepwherehe________，withoutundressing.A．waslayingB．waslyingC．hadlaidD．hadlied答案B解析考查时态。lay放置；搁；产卵，其过去式、过去分词为laid，laid；lie躺，其过去式、过去分词分别为lay，lain；lie说谎，其过去式、过去分词为lied，lied。句意为：经理没脱衣服就在他躺着的地方睡着了。7．Newly­bornbabiesaregoodsleepers.Theamountoftheirsleepis________thatofadults.A．severaltimeslargerthanB．afewtimesthesizeofC．asseveraltimesasD．afewtimesdeeperthan答案A解析考查比较级的用法。倍数的表达法之一是“倍数＋比较级＋than”，句子主语为theamount，表示数量，故应用large或small来修饰，故A项正确。句意为：新生婴儿睡眠很好。他们的睡眠时间是成年人的好几倍。8．Apolicemanwas________himoutsidethehouse.A．watchingoutB．watchingonC．watchingoverD．watchingfor答案C解析watchover监视，符合语境。watchout当心，注意；watchon关注，注意；watchfor注意，当心。9．—I’mnotgoodatsinging，youknow.—________It’sjustforfun.A．Don’tsayso.B．Comeon.C．Whatapity!D．Cheerup.答案B3解析考查情景交际。Don’tsayso.不要这样说。不符合情景交际的特点；Comeon得了吧；来吧；Whatapity！真可惜！真遗憾！Cheerup振作点。答语句意为：来吧！我们只是玩。10．—Sorry,I’mlateforwork.—Isthat________yougotstuckinatrafficjamagain?A．whyB．howC．becauseD．when答案C解析考查句型的辨析运用。This/That/Itisbecause...那是因为……，从句表示原因；This/That/Itiswhy...那就是……原因，从句表示结果。由语境可知C项正确。句意为：——对不起，我上班晚了。——那是因为你又遇上了交通堵塞吗？11．Inamodernsocietyfulloffiercecompetitions，______apersondoesisnotalwaysthesameas________hesays.A．what；whatB．what；thatC．that；thatD．that；what答案A解析这是一个由what引导的主语从句和宾语从句构成的复合句。what分别在这两个从句中作does和says的宾语。that引导名词性从句只起引导句子的作用，在所引导的名词性从句中不作任何成分。12．Earthisarockyplanetwherethereisliquidwater，whichisnecessaryforlifeto________.A．comeB．existC．standD．happen答案B解析后半句句意为：水的存在是生命存在的必要条件。existvi.存在；生存，符合题意。13．Weshouldrespectothers________otherswillrespectus.A．sothatB．incaseC．forfearthatD．nowthat答案A解析考查状语从句的连接词。sothat因此，以便于；incase以防，万一；forfearthat担心；nowthat既然。句意为：我们应该尊重他人，这样他人才会尊重我们。14．—IwasdisappointedwhenIfailedagain.—Don’tbesodiscouraged.You’llbesuccessful________.A．forsometimeB．atonetimeC．ontimeD．intime4答案D解析根据答语句意“别那么灰心，你迟早会成功的。”可知应选intime。15．________isobviouslyrightistogiveallchildrenequalopportunitiestodeveloptheirspecialgift.A．ItB．AsC．ThatD．What答案D解析引导一个主语从句，在从句中作句子的主语，所以用what。句意为：明显正确的(做法)就是，给所有的孩子提供平等发展特殊才能的机会。Ⅱ.完形填空Itmaybedifficulttounderstandnon­verbalmessagesbecausedifferentcultureshavedifferentexpectationsabouteyecontact，physical__1__，bodygestures，etc.Let’sconsidereyecontact.ChildrenfrommanyLatinAmericanandAsian__2__showrespectbyavoidingtheglanceofimportantpersons.Ateacherwho’s__3__withthis，however，mightconsiderthelackofeyecontactasasignof__4__.FormanyAmericanIndianchildren，__5__ateacherintheeyeandansweringherquestioninfrontoftheclassis“showingoff”．Culturegreatly__6__attitudestowardsphysicalcontact，whetherit’sahandshake，hug，orpatontheback.InAsia，femalefriends__7__holdhandsandmencasually(随便地)hugoneanotherastheywalkdownthestreet.Americans，however，mayfeel__8__withsuchpublicbehavior.InsomeAsiancultures，affectionatelypattinga(n)__9__headisstrictlytaboo(禁忌的)，__10__itcanbeacceptablebehaviorbetweenadultsandyoungchildren.How__11__shouldpeoplestandtoeachotherwhenthey’rehavingaconversation？InareasoftheMiddleEastandSouthAmerica，peoplestandveryclosewhen__12__.EuropeanAmericansliketohave__13__distancebetweenthem，whilesomeAfricanAmericans__14__evenmorespace.Youcan__15__greatdiscomfortbystandingtooclosetoanotherperson.Notbeing__16__ofthiscanevenpreventsomeonefromunderstandingor__17__theideasyou’retryingtogetacross.Tocreateapositiveenvironmentforcommunication，yournon­verbalmessagemustclosely__18__yourverbalmessage.Onewaytodothisistocarefullyobservehowchildrenandfamiliesspeakand__19__aroundeachotherandwithpeopletheyrespect.Thiscan__20__cluesaboutthetruemeaningoftheirnon­verbalinteractions.1．A.exerciseB．touchC．educationD．strength5答案B解析考查名词。此题属于原词复现。physicaltouch意为“身体接触”，这从第6空后的physicalcontact可得到暗示。2．A.schoolsB．villagesC．homelandsD．cultures答案D解析此题属于原词复现。第一段已提到不同文化(differentcultures)中人们对视线接触、身体接触等有不同的理解。此处举例说明，故此空填“文化”一词。3．A.uncertainB．angryC．unfamiliarD．popular答案C解析考查形容词。在拉美和亚洲文化中，小孩回避他人的视线是对其尊敬的表现。而对此不了解的老师会误以为这是缺乏尊重。beunfamiliarwithsth.意为“对……不熟悉”。4．A.di