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1Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200518Chapter8SleepandBiologicalRhythmsCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200522Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20053SleepSleepisassociatedwithanurgetoliedownforseveralhoursinaquietenvironment•()••1/3Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20054MeasuresofSleep(EMG)(EEG)•:beta(13-30Hz)()•:alpha(8-12Hz)()3Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20055StagesofsleepElectromyogram(EMG):•Electro-oculogram(EOG):•Electro-encephalogram(EEG):•Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200564Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20057Electromyogram(EMG)1962Berger()Oswald()EMGCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200585Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20059StagesofSleepAlphaactivity•8–12HzBetaactivity•13–30HzThetaactivity•3.5-7.5HzREMDeltaactivity•4HzCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200510(Hz)(V)Beta13-302-20Alpha8-1220-60Theta3.7-7.520-100Delta3.520-2006Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200511EEGWaveformsDuringSleepCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200512(OS)NREM()(PS)REM7Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200513Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200514Non-REMSleepAlpha,delta,thetaEEG1234:delta()•(SWS)(()4(restingbrain?)8Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200515(Non-REM)Alphawave8-12HzBetawave13-30HzCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200516Thetawave3.5–7.5HzSleepspindlesα12-14Hz2-5Kcomplex9Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200517Deltawave:(20-200uV)(0.4-3Hz)Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200518EEGAlphawaveStageone10Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200519StageTwo(K-complex&Sleepspindle)EEGstageoneK-complex&sleepspindle.(K-complexsleepspindle1-2sec12-15Hz)Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200520Stagethree(Deltawave)EEGDeltawave1-2Hz11Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200521StagefourEEGDeltawaveDeltawaveCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200522beta(EEG)(REM)(PGO)(paralysis),EMGsexualarousal•:.(REMsleep)12Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200523Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200524StagesofSleepREMsleep•Non-REMsleep•Slow-wavesleep•Basicrest-activitycycle-•90()REM13Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200525Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200526SleepStageCycles1.SWSREMsleep2.REMsleeplengthensoverthenight3.Basicsleepcycle=90minutes14Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20052790Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20052815Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200529Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200530MentalActivityinSleepMentalactivitycontinuesduringsleepREMREMREM(Nightmares)416Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20053190REMSWS↓↓↓↓↓↓↑↑REM↑Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200532REMREMREMSWSREM17Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200533REMsleepdreaming1.2.3.4.5.6.Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200534WhatistheFunctionofSleep?REM()•18Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200535WhatistheFunctionofSleep??(delta)Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200536REMsleep19Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200537Indusdolphin…4~60Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20053820Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200539SleepinBottle-NoseDolphinsCopyright©Allyn&Bacon20054021Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200541APhysiologicalandBehavioralDescriptionStudyingthefunctionofsleepCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200542SleepDeprivationStudies·200·Stage12SWSREM50~70%SWSREM22Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200543SleepDeprivationStudiesrotatingplatformCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200544Sleepdeprivationresultedinseverehealtheffectsanddeath23Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200545“stress”“”YokedcontrolEEGCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200546SWSSWSREM“”SWSREM“”deltawave24Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200547SleepStageFunctionsSWS:•(norealchangesinSWS)•(temperatureinc.=inc.SWS)•SWSCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200548SleepStageFunctionsREM::/(Species-typicalreprogramming)REM25Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200549REMREMREMREMREM70%REM6~30%~15%REMCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200550REMsleep26Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200551REMREMREMCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200552SleepDisorders(Insomnia):(Sleepapnea):27Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200553DisordersofSleepInsomnia•259••••Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200554DisordersofSleepInsomniaDrugdependencyinsomnia•Sleepapnea••28Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200555SleepDisordersNarcolepsy:Sleepattack:urgetosleepduringthedayCataplexy:REMparalysisoccurs,personisstillconscious•Sleepparalysis:REMparalysisthatoccursjustbeforeorjustaftersleepHypnagogicHallucinationsCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200556DisordersofSleepNarcolepsy••-B••1.RitalinADHD3.Modafinil29Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200557DisordersofSleepNarcolepsySleepattack•Cataplexy••narcolepsy•REM••“”Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200558DisordersofSleepNarcolepsySleepparalysis••REMsleep•REMsleepHypnagogichallucination••REMsleep30Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200559DisordersofSleepNarcolepsyHypocretin(orexin)••Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200560DisordersofSleepREMbehaviordisorderandsleepdeprivationREMsleepbehaviordisorder•REMFatalfamilialinsomnia••Thalamus•••31Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200561REMsleepParkinson’sdieseaseclonazepamNightmareREMsleepbehaviordisorderCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200562Bet-wettingEnuresisSleeptalkingSleepwalkingsomnambulism“”REMsleepNightterrorsslow-wavesleep32Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200563ChemicalControlofSleep/Waking:SWSREM?:Copyright©Allyn&Bacon2005641)“”2)33Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200565HypotheticalRolesofchemicalsinSleepCopyright©Allyn&Bacon20056634Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200567Copyright©Allyn&Bacon2004TheoriesaboutsleepmechanismsCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200568DisordersofSleepREMbehaviordisorderandsleepdeprivationReboundphenomenon•REMREM35Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200569