第三章核苷酸和核酸核酸：是一类重要的生物大分子，是生物遗传

DNARNAmRNA,tRNA,rRNA111Adenine(Guanine)(3)2243ATPADPGTPGDPCTPCDPUTPUDPcAMP,cGMP4WatsonCrick1953A—T(U),C—G5DNADNA11928FrederickGriffith1944O.AveryT2DNADNAChargaff1DNA2DNA3DNA64DNA[A]=[T][G]=[C][A]+[T]=[G]+[C]ChargaffWatson-CrickDNA(1953)DNA1DNA2DNA34DNA(A5(360o)1010.53.4nmWatsonCrickA:TC:G76DNA7DNADNA1DNA2DNA:ABZ1A,B,Z82A.9B.H-DNADNADNADNARNARNA1RNAribosomeRNAs,rRNAs:RNA102RNA(messengerRNAs,mRNAs):3RNAtransferRNAs,tRNAs:mRNARNA1RNARNA3mRNAtRNArRNA111mRNAmRNAmRNAI:m7G5’ppp5’NmpNp;II:m7G5’ppp5’NmpNmpNptRNAA.B.tRNA32tRNAC.tRNAD.DTCE.tRNA85123CCAF.A-UG-CG-U3DNA1denaturationpHDNADNA2.renature:DNA,3.DNAquenchDNA13DNA4annealDNAmeltingtempratureTmDNA14TmTm—DNATm11(hybridization)DNARNARNA2probe:DNARNA23Southernblotting154.DNAPolymerasechainreactionPCRDNA1984KaryMullisDNADNADNAA260/A2801.8,RNA2.016260nmA150g/mlDNA40g/mlDNARNA,20g/mlDNA—17DNA12123-5-DNADNA18DNADNAkbpmbpDNADNASanger19774P35SdNTPddNTPddATPddGTPddCTPddTTPddNTP3DNADNADNAX-DNA19D.11:2:3RNA20DNA4DNA1DNA21DNADNA1DDNADNA3.DNA(1).22B.linkingnumberL–LDNADNA232424a.DNA2nmb.200bp11nmc.(6)30nmd.0.25bpH1IIe.18,630f.101pH4-102DNase,RNase251DNA11mol/LNaClDNP,0.14mol/LNaClDNP,2—DNP32RNARNARNaseRNARNase1RNADEPC()RNase23RNase(RNasin)RNA1//(2)/261DNAG—C:G-C(mol%)=(.0981002.311%-1.5%EB21bp27