搜索
第1页共8页2016届高三英语语法专题定语从句导学案一．定语从句的概念Greenteam（绿队）→Teamingreen（绿队）→Theteamwhowearingreen.(穿绿衣服的队伍)↓↓↓形容词介词短语从句（即为定语从句）①定语从句的定义:在句子中修饰或限定名词，代词的从句就是定语从句②先行词:指主句整句或主句部分被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词③关系词的三个作用:一是连接主句与从句;二是指代先行词;三是在从句中充当句子成分。二．定语的型类限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”。B.非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译成主句的并列句。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。①Thewaterwhichhasbeenpollutedbythefactoryisnotfittodrink.被工厂污染的水不宜饮用.（如果缺少定语从句，句子的主要意思会受到影响）②Water,whichisaclearliquid,iswidelyusedinoureverydaylife.水是一种清澈的液体，在我们的日常生活中应用非常广泛。（如果缺少定语从句，句子的意思不会受到影响）三．表格关系代词指代在从句中充当是否可以省略who人主语否whomwhosethatwhichas关系副词指代在从句中充当是否可以省略WhenwhereWhy第2页共8页★在以上关系代词中有一个万能词：That→他一到定语从句时先行词既可以是人也可以是物。▷▷▷▷▷领悟体会：Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatlosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.四．填写关系词的四个步骤：1.首先分清主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。［考点1］关系代词的选择a)由who,whom,whose引导的定语从句关系代词who用作主语，用于指代人，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语。Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.IsShebathedogwhowasrunoverandnearlykilledlastyear?Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)b)由whom引导的定语从句关系代词whom用作宾语，用于指代人。ThemanwhomIsawyesterdayiscalledSmith.Jack,withwhomIhaveexcellentrelations,alwaysgivesmegoodadvice.★who与whom作宾语时的区别：当先行词后有介词时只能用whom,而不能用whoc)由whose引导的定语从句关系代词whose用作定语，用于指代人或物。DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisLihua?Doyouseethehousewhosewindowsareallbroken?d)由which引导的定语从句基本用法：which在从句中作主，宾，表，定。1.Thebookwhichwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主语）2.ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（宾语）3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（表语）5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.（定语）e)由as引导的定语从句关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句作主、第3页共8页宾、表语。Thatwassuchterribleweatherasdestroyedourwholetripplan。Heisnotthesamemanashewas.f)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在“（名词，数词，代词+）介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用whom(指人)和which（指物）。先行词指人时，用whom,先行词指物时用which.在这种结构中，1.Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive2.Thegentlemanaboutwhomyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.“介词”的选择可依据以下几点：方法一:根据从句中动词/形容词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系看句中需用哪个介词句意才符合逻辑。例如：表示“所有关系”或整体中的一部分时常用of.方法三：根据语意表达的需要来确定。［考点2］难点，常考点：A.以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。①先行词为不定代词,aleverything，some,much，all，anything，nothing,none,theonec等,1.Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.2.There'snothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.3.Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?②先行词被antheonly,thevery,thelast,thelittle,any,just,oneofy等词修饰时。1.Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.2.That'stheverywordthatiswronglyused.Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.Youcantakeany(=whichever)seatthatisfree.IhopethelittlethatIcanwillbeofsomehelptothem.③先行词是最高级或者序数词时或是被序数词，最高级修饰时。1.WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.2.Thisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.3.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.2.Themostimportantthingthatshouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoingon.④先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.1.Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.2.Theriderandhisbikethathadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.⑤如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.⑥疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。1.Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?2.Whoisthemanthatisstandingatthegate?⑦主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词.1.Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.2.ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.第4页共8页B.关系代词who的特殊用法关系代词的选择who和that指代人时，有些情况宜用who,而不宜用that①先行词为anyone,one,ones,all,those时.1.ThepersonIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkswell.2.Anyonewho(=Whoever)failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.3.Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce4.Idon'tliketheones(=those)whotalkbig.5.Personswhoarequarrelsomearedespised.②在Therebe结构中，主语是人时,关系代词只能用who.Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.Thereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclauses.③当先行词有较长的后置定语时.如：ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.④一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是,另一个则宜用who,以免重复.Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday'smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.C.关系代词which的特殊用法定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that的情况:①当关系代词的前面有介词时.1.Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.2.IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?②在非限制性定语从句中.1.Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.2.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which.1.Letmeshowyouthenovel，thatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.2.AtthestationIboughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetopassthetimeonthetrainandwhichIcouldpassontootherswhenIfinishedthem.④先行词本身是that，those时,宜用which.What'sthatwhichsheislookingat?Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.D.关系代词as的特殊用法①引导限制性定语从句。先行词常有so,such,thesame等词。其中关系代词在从句作主，宾，表语。1.Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.2.Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing。3.Iliveinthesamehouseashe(livesin).②引导非限制性定语从句。表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论。此时as译为正如、像等。As引导的从句可以置于句首