板管结构汽车座椅椅背结构力学分析与优化设计

本科毕业设计(论文)FINALPROJECT/THESISOFUNDERGRADUATE(2014届)板管结构汽车座椅椅背结构力学分析与优化设计MechanicsanalysisandOptimizationdesignofPlatetubestructureforCarSeat学院机械工程学院专业机械设计制造及其自动化学生姓名学号指导教师完成日期2014年05月承诺书本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业论文“板管结构汽车座椅椅背结构力学分析与优化设计”是在导师的指导下，严格按照学校和学院的有关规定由本人独立完成。文中所引用的观点和参考资料均已标注并加以注释。论文研究过程中不存在抄袭他人研究成果和伪造相关数据等行为。如若出现任何侵犯他人知识产权等问题，本人愿意承担相关法律责任。承诺人(签名)：______________________日期：年月日摘要汽车座椅是汽车最重要的基础结构之一，是汽车驾驶员、乘员与汽车直接接触的重要部件，对乘员起到重要的安全保护作用。板管结构是当今最为普遍使用的汽车座椅椅背结构。随着汽车工业的飞速发展，基于经济与安全等方面的考虑，汽车制造商对汽车的重量轻、成本低、安全性能高提出了要求，板管结构汽车座椅作为汽车重要的零部件，对其进行结构分析和优化设计具有重要意义。本文以板管结构汽车座椅椅背骨架为研究对象，建立简化结构三维模型；利用有限元分析软件HyperWorks，以应变能最小为目标，以体积分数为约束条件，运用OptiStruct求解器对设计模型进行拓扑优化；对拓扑形态进行分析，提出不同的设计方案，建立对应的三维模型；利用OptiStruct求解器对各方案模型以及原模型进行处理和静力分析，得到应力、位移云图以及质量与应变能的数值；将各个参数与原模型分析结果进行对比，得到最优设计方案。优化结果表明，在刚度指标满足设计要求的条件下，座椅质量比原方案降低了12.4%，结构的位移比原方案下降29.5%、，应变能比原方案下降17.4%，应力也有所改善。取得了较好的轻量化效果。关键词：汽车座椅板管结构概念设计拓扑优化静力分析结构优化ABSTRACTCarseatisoneofthemostimportantbasicvehiclestructure,isanimportantcomponentindirectcontactwiththedriverofthecar,theoccupantandvehicle,theroleofsafetyprotectionofpassengers.Platetubestructureisthemostcommonlyusedinautomobileseatbackstructure.Withtherapiddevelopmentofautomobileindustry,economicandsecuritybasedontheconsiderations,automobilemanufacturersofautomobilelightweight,lowcost,highsafetyperformancerequirements,tubeplatestructureofautomotiveseatasimportantpartsofautomobile,theanalysisandoptimizationdesignisimportantstructure.Basedonthetubeplatestructureofautomobileseatbackframeastheresearchobject,asimplifiedstructure3Dmodel,usingfiniteelementanalysissoftwareHyperWorks,andtakingtheminimummassasthegoal,andthevolumefractionofthestrainenergyandthestressandthemassfractionofvariablesasconstraintsasconstraintconditions,usingtheOptiStructsolverforthesimplifiedmodeloftopologyoptimization,topologicalimageanalysis,designofthestructureofdifferentpipedistributionplan,establishthethree-dimensionalmodelofthecorresponding,analysisandstaticontheschememodelandtheoriginalmodelbyusingOptiStructsolver,thevaluesofstress,strainandstrainenergyandquality;comparingthevariousparametersandthemodelresults,itisfoundthattheoriginalthemodelhasalotofroomforimprovementinmechanicalproperties,economicperformanceindicators,soitisveryimportantforstructuralanalysisandoptimizationdesignofautomobileseatbackonboardtubestructure.Throughtheoptimizationanalysisanddesign,finallygetthetubeplatestructureofchairbackschemeinmeetthestrengthofthepremise,improveutilizationrateofmaterials,comparedwiththeoriginalstructure,qualityisreducedby12.4%,lightweightmadebetter.Keywords：CarSeat;Platetubestructure;Conceptualdesign;TopologicalOptimization;TheStaticanalysis;Structuraloptimization批注[a1]:关键词间用分号，不是逗号i目录摘要ABSTRACT第1章绪论................................................................................................................i1.1课题研究的背景................................................................................................11.2课题研究的目的及意义....................................................................................21.3课题研究的主要内容........................................................................................21.4结构分析发展与优化设计的发展概况............................................................31.4.1结构分析及其发展.....................................................................................31.4.2优化设计及其发展.....................................................................................41.5本章小结............................................................................................................5第2章有限元理论与简化模型建立.......................................................................72.1汽车后排座椅结构............................................................................................72.2有限元方法.........................................................................................................92.2.1有限元分析理论.........................................................................................92.2.2有限元分析应用.......................................................................................102.2.3有限元分析基本步骤...............................................................................112.3有限元分析软件HyperWorks介绍................................................................122.3.1HyperMesh软件介绍.................................................................................122.3.2OptiStruct处理器功能介绍......................................................................132.3有限元模型分析...............................................................................................142.3.1静力分析....................................................................................................142.3.2座椅骨架的静力分析................................................................................142.4结果分析...........................................................................................................192.5本章小结..........................................................................................................20第3章座椅骨架的拓扑优化设计.......................................................