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英国颁布法律对英国及其美国殖民地的影响讲英国和美国殖民地出台的一个法律，关于贸易的。这个法案限制美国对英国出口，进口也必须用到英国的船只等等，都是用来维护英国殖民者而限制美国的贸易的。解析：本文属历史类话题，是比较常出现的与欧美经济贸易相关的话题，但是考察美国作为英国殖民地时期的内容相对较少，大家可结合下面的文段对该话题有更好的了解。EvenbeforethefirstboatloadofEnglishmenlandedatJamestown,Virginia,Europeancountrieshadexperimentedwithempire-building,engaginginthesystemofmercantilism.Althoughitwasneveracohesivesystem,andchangedfromnationtonation,itsvariationshadsimilarcharacteristicsand,mostimportant,asharedeconomicphilosophy.Firstandforemostwasstatecontroloverhumanbehavior:thebeliefthatmanyaspectsofanation'seconomyhadtoberegulated.Withtheacquisitionofcoloniescametherecognitionthattheirpurposewastosatisfytheneedsofthemothercountry.Theregulationofeconomicactivitiesinthecolonies,then,centeredaroundtheaccumulationofwealthfortheEuropeanpowers,atthecolonies'expense.Thedegreeofcontrolvariedaccordingtothenation.Inthe1500s,SpainandPortugalexertedstrictcontrolovertheircolonialinhabitants.However,theBritishweremorelaxingoverningtheircolonies.第二篇TOPIC青蛙求偶的叫声讲青蛙寻找配偶时的叫声，年龄大成熟的男青蛙叫声大，容易吸引配偶，年轻的叫声小。因为叫很费体力，所以叫声大的成熟男青蛙证明体力更好，容易生存。温度也会影响男青蛙的叫声，年轻青蛙会在低温的地方叫模仿老青蛙的叫声，吸引异性。女青蛙还可以通过叫声分辨不同种类青蛙以保证后代质量。最后说有些花俏的叫声会更吸引异性，但也会招来捕食者。解析：本文属生物类话题，是典型的考察某一生物的非常识性特征的文章。文章所涉话题内容与TPO中BeggingbyNestling一篇有较大相似性，都是在研究动物的叫声，大家在复习时可以作为参考。Thecallorcroakofafrogisuniquetoitsspecies.Frogscreatethissoundbypassingairthroughthelarynxinthethroat.Inmostcallingfrogs,thesoundisamplifiedbyoneormorevocalsacs,membranesofskinunderthethroatoronthecornerofthemouth,thatdistendduringtheamplificationofthecall.Inmanyfrogspeciesonlymalescall.Eachspecieshasadistinctcall,thougheven’scall.Inthisway,callsestablishterritories,buttheyalsoattractfemales.Malesmayhaveasolitarycallfortimeswhenthereisnocompetitionthatuseslessenergy.Duringothertimes,whenafrogmustcompetewithhundredsorthousandsofotherfrogstobeheard,togethertheyperformachoruscallwhereeachfrogcallsinturn,successively.Themostimportantfeatureofthechorusisthesharedpattern.Throughthispattern,fewindividualscallsaredrownedout.Onefrog’scallmaybedominant