近二十年高中生物课程演变之探讨

111BulletinofTestingandAssessment近二十年高中生物課程演變之探討考試學刊第三期2007.12२ԲԼڣ೏խسढᓰ࿓ዝ᧢հ൶ಘ୙ᘏᥞՕᖂԵᖂەᇢխ֨ኴ૞اഏ72ڣ(1983)ऱ೏్խᖂᓰ࿓Δࠡඒޗ੡ԫᓰጼԫठءऱݮڤΙࠩԱ84ڣ(1995)Δඒޗڍց֏ګ੡ԫᓰጼڍठءऱݝ૿Δڇ೏խඒᖂፖՕᖂԵᖂەᇢֱ૿Δ݁ڶᓤᠧऱ᠏ངፖᓳᖞΖاഏ84ڣ೏խسढᓰ࿓ऱڜඈਢ೏ԫ੡سኪፖᛩቼΔ೏Բፖ೏ԿঞආᝅඝֱڤΔփ୲ط෍Ե෡Δط೏Բ຃ઠࠩ೏ԿΖاഏ95ڣ(2006)ऱ೏խسढᓰ࿓Δᒳᙀ೯ᖲፖᑓڤԾڶԱᓳᖞΔ೏ԫسढለ൷२72ڣ(1983)ऱഗ៕سढᓰ࿓Δঅఎ๺ڍسኪऱᄗ࢚Δࡉٺ໢ցऱഗءᄗ࢚ፖवᢝΔڕسढڍᑌࢤऱٺᐋ్سढ១տΔא֗าઽऱ։ါΔຍࠄ଺ء᥆࣍84ڣऱ೏Կᓰ࿓փ୲Ζ95ڣഗ៕سढᓰ࿓ᒤ໮᧢ᐈΔ೏Բ֗೏Կঞսঅڶ84ڣᓰ࿓ऱ壄᧮Ζڼ੡२ԲԼڣ೏խسढᓰ࿓հ᧢଀Ζᣂ᝶ဲΚᓰጼΕԫጼԫءΕᝅඝֱڤΕسኪΕᓰ࿓᧢଀୙ᘏᥞΔՕᖂԵᖂەᇢխ֨೏్റ୉112考試學刊BulletinofTestingandAssessment第三期2007.12近二十年高中生物課程演變之探討TheDevelopmentofSeniorHighSchoolBiologyCoursesinthePastTwentyYearsHui-LanHsiaCollegeEntranceExaminationCenterAbstractTheteachingmaterialsof1983inseniorhighschoolswereprovidedintheformof“onesyllabusandoneversion”.However,thetrendhasturnedtotheformof“onesyllabusandmultipleversion”since1995.Thischangehasmadeinstructionandassessmentforcollegeentrancemorecomplicated.Inthe1995SeniorHighSchoolBiologyCurriculum,thefirst-yearcoursecontentwasdevisedtocompriseecologyandenvironment,andthecoursecontentofthesecondandthethirdyearwasdesignedintheorderofspiralprogression,startingfromaneasylevelinthesecondyear,andgettingtoamoredifficultlevelinthethirdyear.The2006SeniorHighSchoolBiologyCurriculumredesignedthecoursecontentagain.Itadoptedthe1983modelforthefirstyear’sfundamentalBiology.The2006model,thoughretainsquitealotofecologicalconcepts,addsmorebasicconceptsandknowledgeindifferentfields,e.g.,anintroductiontovariouslevelsofbiologicaldiversityandthecelldivision,whichareusedtobetreatedinthethirdyearinthe1995Curriculum.ThescopeofthefundamentalBiologyCourseofthe2006Curriculumhasbecomewider,whilethesecondandthethirdyear’scoursecontentassurestheretainingofthe1995essentials.TheaboveoutlinesthereformationofseniorhighschoolBiologyCourseinthepasttwentyyears.Keywords:curriculum,syllabus,spiralprogression,ecology,coursereformHui-LanHsia,SeniorStaffMember,CollegeEntranceExaminationCenter໸Εছߢ԰Լքᖂڣ৫೏్խᖂऱ೏ԫ֗೏Բᖂسଥ฾ᓰ࿓ࢬشऱඒޗਢࠉˌˈڣཏຏ೏్խᖂᓰ࿓ᑉ۩ጼ૞ᒳࡳऱΖאسढઝۖߢΔˌˈᖂڣ৫سढඒޗڶԮ̑ԶଡठءΔՈڂठء᧢ڍΔᙇᖗլ࣐Δ੷۟ທګඒᖂՂऱ૤ᖜΔՈ૜سآࠐࡎᠲՂऱܺឫΖڕ۶ڂᚨˌˈᓰ࿓ᑉ۩ጼ૞ऱ᧢೯ࢬขسऱլڜΔਢᓰ࿓๻ૠृΕᓰءᒳᐊԳΔא֗ྒྷ᧭ေၦृ૞ࣹრऱࠃΖʳࠉˌˈڣཏຏ೏్խᖂᓰ࿓ᑉ۩ጼ૞Δ೏ԫፖ೏Բسढઃ੡ؘଥઝؾΔ೏Կঞ੡ᙇଥΖྥˌˈᓰ࿓ᑉ۩ጼ૞Δᓰ࿓࿨ዌለᣊۿˊ˅ڣհ೏խسढᓰ࿓Κܛ೏ԫ੡᜔ਔࢤऱᄗ࢚Δ೏ԲΕ೏Կঞ੡೏ԫᓰ࿓փ୲հ࢏ۼΔ܀ڶࠄ೏Բ֗೏Կऱᓰ࿓ڕΚาઽ։ါΕسढ։ᣊʻسढڍᑌࢤʼঞฝ࢓೏ԫΙፖˋˇڣᓰጼ๻ૠ່ՕऱլٵڇΚʻ˄ʼʳˋˇڣ೏ԫسढᓰ࿓փ୲׌૞੡سኪᖂΔˌˈڣᓰ࿓ঞലسኪຝ։壄១Ιʻ˅ʼʳˋˇڣຝ։ऱ೏ԲΕ೏Կऱᓰ࿓փ୲ঞฝࠩ೏ԫΙʻˆʼʳˌˈڣᓰጼխൎᓳਬࠄփ୲լ౨௫֗֜ڍาຝऱᎅࣔΔփ୲հ᜗១Δ໢ցᓳ೯հ༏৫݁ՕΔਚທګԱඒᖂՂऱܺឫʻ႓س࿛Δ˅˃˃ˊʼΖʳʳʳʳʳ۞ˋˇڣ۟ˌˈڣسढᓰءբᏺ۟ˊ̑ˋଡठءΔठءឈڍΔ܀ٺठءਢؘႊࠉᅃˌˈڣཏຏ೏్խᖂᓰ࿓ᑉ۩ጼ૞ᒳࡳΔڇء֮խႛ༉ˊ˅ڣʻ˄ˌˋˆʼࠩˌˈڣʻ˅˃˃ˉʼऱᓰጼխհٺᏆ഑ᄗ࢚ၞ۩ֺለፖ։࣫Ζʳڼ؆Δڶᣂˌ˃ڣא৵ऱጵٽ೏խᓰ࿓࿇୶א֗ጵٽ೏խ֗៭ᄐᖂீᚨଥ฾ऱˌˈڣ৵ཚխ࿛ඒߛு֨ᓰ࿓سढᖂຝ։ΔՈԫࠓڇء֮խ܂։࣫ፖಘᓵΖʳ၁Εᖵڣཏຏ೏խسढᓰ࿓ዝ᧢ԫΕᖵᆖࠟڻૹՕ᠏މऱ೏ԫᓰ࿓ൕ72ڣࠩ84ڣΔ٦ൕ84ڣࠩ95ڣΔᓰ࿓ᆖᖵࠟڻૹՕऱ᠏᧢Ζ֠א೏ԫഗ៕سढ່੡ࣔ᧩Ζ72ڣ೏ԫഗ៕سढऱᓰ࿓փ୲੡೏ԲΕ೏Կऱૹ૞113BulletinofTestingandAssessment近二十年高中生物課程演變之探討考試學刊第三期2007.12໸Εছߢ԰Լքᖂڣ৫೏్խᖂऱ೏ԫ֗೏Բᖂسଥ฾ᓰ࿓ࢬشऱඒޗਢࠉˌˈڣཏຏ೏్խᖂᓰ࿓ᑉ۩ጼ૞ᒳࡳऱΖאسढઝۖߢΔˌˈᖂڣ৫سढඒޗڶԮ̑ԶଡठءΔՈڂठء᧢ڍΔᙇᖗլ࣐Δ੷۟ທګඒᖂՂऱ૤ᖜΔՈ૜سآࠐࡎᠲՂऱܺឫΖڕ۶ڂᚨˌˈᓰ࿓ᑉ۩ጼ૞ऱ᧢೯ࢬขسऱլڜΔਢᓰ࿓๻ૠृΕᓰءᒳᐊԳΔא֗ྒྷ᧭ေၦृ૞ࣹრऱࠃΖʳࠉˌˈڣཏຏ೏్խᖂᓰ࿓ᑉ۩ጼ૞Δ೏ԫፖ೏Բسढઃ੡ؘଥઝؾΔ೏Կঞ੡ᙇଥΖྥˌˈᓰ࿓ᑉ۩ጼ૞Δᓰ࿓࿨ዌለᣊۿˊ˅ڣհ೏խسढᓰ࿓Κܛ೏ԫ੡᜔ਔࢤऱᄗ࢚Δ೏ԲΕ೏Կঞ੡೏ԫᓰ࿓փ୲հ࢏ۼΔ܀ڶࠄ೏Բ֗೏Կऱᓰ࿓ڕΚาઽ։ါΕسढ։ᣊʻسढڍᑌࢤʼঞฝ࢓೏ԫΙፖˋˇڣᓰጼ๻ૠ່ՕऱլٵڇΚʻ˄ʼʳˋˇڣ೏ԫسढᓰ࿓փ୲׌૞੡سኪᖂΔˌˈڣᓰ࿓ঞലسኪຝ։壄១Ιʻ˅ʼʳˋˇڣຝ։ऱ೏ԲΕ೏Կऱᓰ࿓փ୲ঞฝࠩ೏ԫΙʻˆʼʳˌˈڣᓰጼխൎᓳਬࠄփ୲լ౨௫֗֜ڍาຝऱᎅࣔΔփ୲հ᜗១Δ໢ցᓳ೯հ༏৫݁ՕΔਚທګԱඒᖂՂऱܺឫʻ႓س࿛Δ˅˃˃ˊʼΖʳʳʳʳʳ۞ˋˇڣ۟ˌˈڣسढᓰءբᏺ۟ˊ̑ˋଡठءΔठءឈڍΔ܀ٺठءਢؘႊࠉᅃˌˈڣཏຏ೏్խᖂᓰ࿓ᑉ۩ጼ૞ᒳࡳΔڇء֮խႛ༉ˊ˅ڣʻ˄ˌˋˆʼࠩˌˈڣʻ˅˃˃ˉʼऱᓰጼխհٺᏆ഑ᄗ࢚ၞ۩ֺለፖ։࣫Ζʳڼ؆Δڶᣂˌ˃ڣא৵ऱጵٽ೏խᓰ࿓࿇୶א֗ጵٽ೏խ֗៭ᄐᖂீᚨଥ฾ऱˌˈڣ৵ཚխ࿛ඒߛு֨ᓰ࿓سढᖂຝ։ΔՈԫࠓڇء֮խ܂։࣫ፖಘᓵΖʳ၁Εᖵڣཏຏ೏խسढᓰ࿓ዝ᧢ԫΕᖵᆖࠟڻૹՕ᠏މऱ೏ԫᓰ࿓ൕ72ڣࠩ84ڣΔ٦ൕ84ڣࠩ95ڣΔᓰ࿓ᆖᖵࠟڻૹՕऱ᠏᧢Ζ֠א೏ԫഗ៕سढ່੡ࣔ᧩Ζ72ڣ೏ԫഗ៕سढऱᓰ࿓փ୲੡೏ԲΕ೏Կऱૹ૞114考試學刊BulletinofTestingandAssessment第三期2007.12近二十年高中生物課程演變之探討ᄗ࢚ऱᖺᜍठΔᖂسଥ฾೏ԫسढ৵Δኙ೏Բ֗೏Կऱᓰ࿓փ୲բڶԫഗءᄗ࢚Δউ৵ၞԵ೏ԲΕ೏Կழለ౨ਊຝ༉ఄΰཏຏ೏్խᖂᓰ࿓ᑑᄷΔ1983αΙ84ڣᓰ࿓೏ԫאسኪຝ։੡׌ၗΔڂڶࠡ௽௘ऱழזહནەၦΔፖ೏ԲΕ೏Կऱᓰ࿓փ୲ڶለՕ஁ฆΔਚለᣄאފዝ֧ᏆᖂسၞԵسढᏆ഑ᐈᐖՕ॰ऱഗ៕ߡۥΔ܀೏ԫᓰ࿓ױא඄ղᖂسૹ૞ऱسኪঅߛᄗ࢚Ι95ڣᓰ࿓ፖ72ڣऱᓰ࿓ለ੡൷२Δψسࡎऱ௽ࢤωፖ72ڣठऱψسढऱഗءዌທΚาઽω൷२Δփ୲݁ᓫࠩาઽऱዌທፖาઽ։ါΔࠡڻψسढڍᑌࢤωՈፖ72ڣठऱψسढऱ։ᣊωփ୲ᣊۿΔ݁ᓫࠩլٵၸᐋسढऱ௽ᐛ֗։ᣊՂऱ஁ฆΙۖ72ڣΕ84ڣ֗95ڣऱᓰ࿓٥ٵຝ։੡ψԳᣊፖ۞ྥ੺ؓᘝωΕψԳᣊࡉسढഎωΕψԳᣊፖᛩቼω࿛Δࢬᇭᤩऱփ୲݁ڶ۞ྥঅߛΕԳᣊኙسኪᛩቼऱᐙ᥼ፖᓢᚰΕԳՑംᠲ࿛Ζۖኙ۞ྥঅߛΕسኪᄗ࢚ᓫ൓ለ෡ԵृΔս੡84ڣठऱ೏ԫᓰ࿓Ζ౿ല72Ε8ˇΕ95ڣհ೏ԫسढᓰ࿓ጼ૞೚׌ᠲፖփ୲հֺለΔ٨࣍।1ΖԲΕ຃ઠ೯Εཬढऱ೏Բᓰ࿓84ڣᓰ࿓٣א೏ԲسࡎઝᖂՂΕՀםऱֱڤᎅࣔԱࢬڶ೯Εཬढऱૹ૞ᄗ࢚Ι72ڣऱᓰ࿓խ೏Բऱ׌᧯੡ཬढ֗֟ຝ։ऱ೯ढΔՕڍᑇ೯ढس෻ऱᓰ࿓ঞ࣋ڇ೏ԿΖ೏Բᓰ࿓խΔ84ڣ֗95ڣऱ٥ٵփ୲੡ψาઽࡉسढ᧯ωΕψཬढऱس९Εسཷࡉ࿇ߛωΕψཬढऱᛜ塄ωΕψ೯ढऱז᝔ࡉਁࡳࢤωΕψ೯ढऱ࠰ᓳ܂شωΕψ೯ढऱسཷࡉᙊႚωΕψسࡎઝᖂࡉԳسωΰཏຏ೏్խᖂᓰ࿓ᑑᄷΔ1995αΖഄ95ᓰ࿓ᑉ۩ጼ૞೏Բຝ։ໂု᥏խڍԱ๺ڍඒᖂՂᏁլ௫֗ऱຝ։Δਐऱਢඒᖂլࡵඒऱຝ։Δߠ।3Ζ72ڣፖ84ڣΕ95ڣԫᑌ݁ࠠڶऱᓰ࿓੡ψسढ᧯ዌທऱ٥ٵࢤωΕψპسढωΕψཬढωΕψ೯ढωऱຝ։ີᆏΔߠ।2ΖጵᨠԲԼ塒ڣࠐᓰ࿓ऱޓ೯Δ72ڣਢൎᓳპسढΕ೯ढΕཬढז᝔ፖس෻ऱาຝຫ૪ፖᎅࣔΙ84ڣঞൎᓳ։՗سढऱૹ૞ࢤΙ95ڣڂპسढऱຝ։ฝ۟೏ԫऱسढڍᑌࢤ໢ցխΔࠡהऱᓰ࿓໢ցঞፖ84ڣሼٵΖ߄1ǵ72ǵ84ǵ95ԃࡋଯ΋ғނፐำεᆜЬाϣ৒Кၨ߄72ڣ84ڣ95ڣ׌ᠲ׌૞փ୲׌ᠲ׌૞փ୲׌ᠲ׌૞փ୲ԫΕาઽऱዌທʳԲΕาઽऱس෻ʳԿΕาઽऱ։ါʳʳʳʳʳԫΕسࡎ׈੺ऱิګʳԲΕ౨ၦऱੌ᠏ʳԿΕցై༛ᛩʳ؄Εسढၴऱյ೯ᣂএնΕಘᓵʳ൶ಘ੒೯˄ˀ˄Κ೯ढࡉཬढऱᣂএʳԫΕسࡎ෼ွʳԲΕาઽऱ֏ᖂิګʳԿΕาઽऱዌທʳ؄Εาઽ։ါʳնΕಘᓵʳ൶ಘ੒೯˄ˀ˄ʳʳԫΕპسढऱ׈੺ʳԲΕຬچՂऱسढ׈੺ԿΕ෉ֽխऱسढ׈੺؄Ε௧ֽխऱسढ׈੺նΕँᖻऱسढ׈੺ʳքΕسढऱዝ֏ʳԮΕಘᓵʳ൶ಘ੒೯ˇˀ˄Κسኪߓऱᓳ਷ʳԫΕسढڍᑌࢤऱრᆠʳԲΕسढऱ։ᣊʳԿΕఐ੅ፖาပʳ؄ΕటပፖᤏᣊʳնΕཬढʳքΕ೯ढʳԮΕಘᓵʳ൶ಘ੒೯˅ˀ˄ʳ൶ಘ੒೯˅ˀ˅ʳԫΕ։ᣊऱრᆠፖֱऄʳԲΕཬढ੺ʳԿΕ೯ढ੺ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳԫΕଡ᧯ፖගᆢʳԲΕගᆢऱ௽ᐛʳԿΕගᆢऱ᧢֏ʳ؄Εಘᓵʳ൶ಘ੒೯˅ˀ˄Κගᆢയ৫ऱᓳ਷ʳԫΕଡ᧯ፖගᆢʳԲΕᆢႃʳԿΕسኪߓʳ؄Εຬ഑سኪߓʳնΕֽ഑سኪߓʳքΕಘᓵʳԫΕᛜ塄ʳԲΕሎᙁʳԿΕࡅܮፖඈइʳ؄Ε࠰ᓳࡉሎ೯ʳʳԫΕسཷʳԲΕ࡯ᐚዿऱᙊႚऄঞʳԿΕ਩ۥ᧯ፖᙊႚʳ؄Εسढऱዝ֏ʳʳʳߠ׌ᠲᆥΚʳքΕسढऱዝ֏ʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳԫΕ۞ྥᛩቼፖسढʳԲΕගᆢፖᆢᆵʳԿΕسኪߓʳ؄ΕسኪߓऱᣊܑʳʳʳʳʳԫΕسढऱࣴฆ৫֗ࠡૹ૞ࢤʳԲΕᆢႃऱ࿨ዌʳԿΕᆢႃऱ௣९ʳ؄ΕسኪߓʳնΕಘᓵʳ൶ಘ੒೯ˆˀ˄Κཬढᆢႃ࿨ዌऱᨠኘʳʳԫΕԳՑس९ऱᖵ׾ፖംʳᠲʳԲΕ២ଇᇷᄭऱၲ࿇ʳԿΕልድᄐፖسኪߓʳ؄Εມس೯ढऱঅߛʳʳʳʳʳʳԫΕԳᣊڇسኪߓխچۯऱዝ᧢ʳԲΕԳՑംᠲʳԿΕԳᣊኙسኪᛩቼऱᓢᚰʳ؄Εᛩቼ᧢ᡏኙԳᣊऱᐙ᥼ʳնΕᇷᄭऱڶயܓشʳքΕ۞ྥঅߛʳԮΕಘᓵʳԫΕᇷᄭऱၲ࿇ፖܓشʳԲΕԳᣊኙسኪᛩቼऱᐙ᥼ʳԿΕ۞ྥঅߛፖةᥛᆖ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