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©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(,110015),.Ecolgicaleffectofheavymetalsonsoilmicrobes.GongPing,SunTiehengandLiPeijun(InstituteofAppliedEcology,AcademiaSinica,Shenyang110015).2Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,1997,8(2):218224.Inthispaper,theecologicaleffectofHMsonsoilmicrobesisreviewed,basedontheanalysesoftheinfluenceofHMsonsoilmicrobialactivities,populationsandcommunities;thefactorsaffectingHMtoxicityonsoilmicroorganisms;thecriteriaforevaluatingHMtoxicityonsoilmicroorganisms;there2sistanceandadaptationofsoilmicroorganismstoHMs;andthevarietyofHMtoxicity.KeywordsHeavymetals(HMs),Soilmicrobe,Ecolgicaleffect.3(CERP).1995426,1996419.1.,,.,(),.Babich[4],,.()..22.1,,,.,Sudbury(NiCu)8km,3851d7983%.,1a2226%,3739%,1997482CHINESEJOURNALOFAPPLIEDECOLOGY,Apr.1997,8(2)218224©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[4,12],,CO2[4,16].[16],[12].2.3NN.N,(Cu100mgkg-1)N.Wilke[19]12(AsBeBrCdCrFPbHgSeSnVNi)N(89a),SeSn,N.,N[9].,Wilke[19],N.,CdCuZnPb,Cd,Pb[1]..Rother[18]CdPbZn,,.,,CuCr,10.[1],CdAsCuPb.Brookes[6],(30mgZnkg-115mgCukg-12mgNikg-12mgCdkg-1,EDTA)50%.,,,[2].2.4.,,.,CuZnCu+Zn2,24CuZn.,.2000mgkg-1Pb275%50%,,,.33.1,:[13].,9122:©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[5]20,,ATP.3.2.,.(Cu100mgkg-1)35,(1000mgkg-1Cu)25,(1104mgkg-1Cu)13.,.,,Pb.,,Ross[17]Cd.4.[3],:4.14.1.1.,,.,100mgkg-1Cu(CuSO4)1000mgkg-11104mgkg-1,1104mgkg-1Cu(CuCO3).4.1.2,,,.0.0050.025mgkg-1CdPbZnNostocN.muscorum;0.0250.125mgkg-1,.4.1.3,.,[3].ZnLactobacillusarabi2nosusL.pentosusMn.4.24.2.1pHpH,pH,;pH,;pH;pH.,pH..pH,pH,;pH,pH,pH,[2].,CdpH.pH789,10mgkg-1CdAlcaligenesfaecalisBacilluscereusAs2pergillusnigerTrichodermaviride[3].pH,,pH0228©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(Eh),EhFe3+Fe2+,.E.coli(),Fe2+(Fe3+);Cr3+Salmonellatyphi2muri2um,,Cr6+,,DNA.4.2.3(CEC)CEC.CEC,(ZnHg).,Cd:.CEC()Pb,CECPb.,,.,,,,.,,(pHCEC);,,,.5,,.Doelman[11],,.,,,CN[8],.:,..,,.,.ChanderBrookes[7]ChristieBeat2tie[10].,,[14],.,Witter[20],(pH);,.,..1222:©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.()[2].,,,.Penicilli2umthomiiFusariumoxysporum.CuZnCdVA,,ZnPaxillusinvo2lutus.,[21],,,.,,..,,,,.,,,,.,.,,,.,,..Yamamoto[21]800mgkg-1Cu14d,30d;1600mgkg-1Cu,1.Pb.7,,;,.(Non2ObservableEffectConcentration,NOEC)(LowestObservedEf2fectConcentration,LOEC)1001000[2]..7.1(Bioavailabi2lity)()pHCEC(),(4).,2228©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[9];,N[9],.,.7.3,,,,.NOECLOEC,,,,.,.,,C;,.,.8,,(NOECLOEC),.,.,.,,:CdCuZnPb.[2].,.,,..pHCEC,().Meent[15],,..,,.B.2M.WilkeLUFA2AugustenbergJ.Spothelfer2Magana,.1.1991..,2(2):174177.3222:©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.¾¾th,E.1989.Effectsofheavymetalsinsoilsonmi2crobialprocessesandpopulations(areview).Water,Air,SoilPollut.,47:335379.3Babich,H.andStotzky,G.1980.Environmentalfactorsthatinfluencethetoxicityofheavymetalandgaseouspol2lutantstomicroorganisms.CRCCrit.Rev.Microbiol.,8:99145.4Babich,H.andStotzky,G.1983.Developingstandardsforenvironmentaltoxicants:Theneedtoconsiderabioticenvironmentalfactorsandmicrobemediatedecologicalprocesses.Environ.HealthPerspect.,49:247260.5Brookes,P.C.andMcGrath,S.P.1984.Effectsofmetaltoxicityonthesizeofthesoilmicrobialbiomass.J.SoilSci.,35:341346.6Brookes,P.C.,McGrath,S.P.andHeijnen,C.1986.Metalresiduesinsoilspreviouslytreatedwithsewage2sludgeandtheireffectsongrowthandnitrogenfixationbyblue2greenalgae.SoilBiol.Biochem.,18:345353.7Chander,K.andBrookes,P.C.1991a.Effectsofheavymetalsfrompastapplicationsofsewagesludgeonmicro2bialbiomassandorganicmatteraccumulationinasandyloamandsiltyloamU.K.soil.SoilBiol.Biochem.,23:927932.8Chander,K.andBrookes,P.C.1991b.Microbialbiomassdynamicsduringthedecompositionofglucoseandmaizeinmetal2contaminatedandnoncontaminatedsoils.SoilBiol.Biochem.,23:917925.9Chang,F.H.andBroadbent,F.E.1982.Influenceoftracemetalsonsomesoilnitrogentransformations.J.Env2iron.Qual.,11:14.10Christie,P.andBeattie,J.A.M.1989.Grasslandsoilmicrobialbiomassandaccumulationofpotentiallytoxicmetalsfromlongtermslurryapplication.J.Appl.Ecol.,26:597612.11Doelman,P.1986.Resistanceofsoilmicrobialcommuni2tiestoheavymetals.In:Jensen,V.,KjÊler,A.andSÊrensen,L.H.(ed.).FEMSSymposium,No.33,MicrobialCommunitiesinSoil.Copenhagen,August48,1985.ElsevierAppliedSciencePublishers,London.p.369.12Haanstra,L.andDoelman,P.1984.Glutamicacidde2compositionasasensitivemeasureofheavy2metalpollu2tioninsoil.SoilBiol.Biochem.,16:595600.13Hiroki,M.1992.Effectsofheavymetalcontaminationonsoilmicrobialpopulation.SoilSci.PlantNur.,38:141147.14Jenkinson,D.S.andLadd,J.N.1981.Microbialbiomassinsoil:measurementandturnover.In:Paul,E.A.andLadd,J.N.(ed.).SoilBiochemistry,Vol.5,MarcelDekker,NewYork.p.415.15Meent,D.,Aldenberg,T.,Canton,J.H