飞秒物理、飞秒化学和飞秒生物学

31)(200433),.,;;,DNA.,,,,FEMTOPHYSICSFEMTOCHEMISTRYANDFEMTOBIOLOGYMAGuo2HongGUOLi2JunQIANShi2Xiong(DepartmentofPhysics,FudanUniversity,Shanghai200433,China)AbstractFemtosecondlasertechnologyhasattractedmuchattentionduetoitsextremelyhightemporalresolution,whichisessentialtotheresearchofultrafastprocessesinvariousmaterials.Wepresentanoverviewofrecentprogressinfemtophysics,femtochemistryandfemtobiology.Infemtophysics,wefocusonsemiconductorquantumwells,nanometermaterialsandhighharmonicgeneration.Infemtochemistry,wedescribetheapplicationoffemtosecondlaserstostudiesofchemicalreactionprocesses,isomerization,breakingandformingofthebond,andthedynamicsoftransitionstates.Infemtobiology,muchprogressinunderstandingultrafastprocessesinphotosynthesis,visionandDNAhasbeenachie2vedinrecentyears.Keywordsfemtosecondlasertechnique,femtophysics,femtochemistry,femtobiology,ultrafastprocess3(:19774018,69977008)2000-09-30,2000-10-251):[phone];E-mail:[e-mail]1208090,3fs,fsfs,.,,.,-;;X;..2:(FWM)-(pump-probe)Z-(z-scan)(THG)[1].,,,,.(OKE),94330(2001)6©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,1.BS,;P1;L1,P2,D,P1P2,45.(ODL),OKE,.1OKE,OKEIs(3),Is=|(3)|2I3((1-e-L)Pn2L)2e-L,(1)I,n,L.(CS2),(3).(3)()(),.1P4W(1)(5),(OHD-OKE).IsRe((3))IpumpIprobeL,(2),Re((3)).(DFWM).,DFWM,DFWM,OKE.-(pump-probe),.,-.1,,,5417(,magicangle).D2OCCl4,,(TA).,Z-,.3311:(-).,--.2.,,,;,,-.,.1,,-,.-,MITAT&T.GaAsX-L-,55fs80fs.-,.SunInGaAsPAlGaAs-[3].,In0113Ga0187As10nm,1135eV,053©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.2.1(s)-10-1510-1210-1410-13-10-12-10-11(011m)10-1110-9910950nm120fs,.,,018ps.920nm,.,,;.972nm,,,.,115ps,.,,.,,.:(),.,c1c2,c1-c2,c1,c1.,1ps.Neagi,fs.:.,.,-;,-.,,.BayerIn0114Ga0186AsFWM,3nm,29nm.,,,400fs.,,--,FWM,.312,1100nm,,,.,,,.-CdSe,CdS,14nm,-.,1s2126eV,1s1p0145eV,0155017eV[4].2126eV0169eV,15330(2001)6©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,3.,100psns,,.,,114ps,,.3CdSe(a);(b),TiO2(CT),,,.9-(9AC)TiO2,9ACTiO2CT1ps,9AC,,CT54ps.,,,,d,,10-8esu;,ps,10-7esu;,.LiaoSiO2AuDFWM,,[3];,FWM,,.TiO2Au[5],Au20nm,150nm.647nmAu,4.,Au,-,,100200fs.4Au,Au,,(5cm-1).,,55ps.,,Sb,Te,Ag.313(HHG),,,10141021WPcm2,HHG.20253©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.90,HeNeHHG,.,HHGHHG.,,,,HHG,HHG.,,,520fs,.Chang800nm26fs,HeNe221297HHG,HeHHG217nm,X.,HHG,413nmHHG1mrad,51018Pmm2mrads.,HHGX.HHG(attosecond,10-18s)X(AXP).HHG,,psfs,HHGAXP.,.4Zewail2080,,,1998[6].,,,,,.1986ICN:ICN3][ICN]3]I+CN,ICN,[ICN],5.,HgI2,IHgI,200fs.HgI,5ICNfs(;)300fs1ps.90,TOF(KETOF),.AB,,,A+B,.,,.,[AB],,,.I2:65fs,240fs.,I2,I2;I2.KETOF.,CH3I:CH3I.ICH3+hCH3+[I.ICH3]CH3+CH3I+I,CH3I.ICH3+h[CH3I.ICH3]32CH3+I2.,ICH3,CH3II.I,.,CH3I2.KETOF35330(2001)6©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,CH3I,125fsI.ICH3I,117psCH3I.I.,,,.,.I3,,I3.30fs,850nm3:450fs,I2;I2,2ps;12psI2.OClO,ClOO.ThogersonOClO,OClO:Cl+O2,40psClClOClOO;ClO+O,(2ps),ClOO[7].,7,OKE;.5,,,.511,(PSPS),.[8],.,.51111(),,.,1(LH1)2(LH2).LH1,LH2LH1,:LH2LH1RC.-,,B800500fs,112psB800B850;B850,B850LH135ps,25psLH1,.51112,,,ATPNADPH.C2,:2(P),;2(B),2(H),2(Q).AB,A,A.,.H3B3P3+P3-(3,P3+,P3-).,:,P,3ps,PAHA,200ps453©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.QA;,P,BA,3psHA,200psQA.,[9],PB3AHAPB+AH-A,.512DNA.,,.Shank[10],35fs,500nm,490690nmTA.,33fs,TA510nm550620nm;100fs,510nm,510nm,150fs,200fs.,,200fs,6.DNA,CTDNA6,DNACT.,CT.,WanDNACT,CT:5ps75ps,.5psCT,CT;75psCT.,CT.,FiebigDNA.,,,N-HNNDNA.,,.,21,,,.[1]ShenYR.TheprinciplesofNonlinearOptics.JohnWiley&SonsInc.,1984[2]Sheik2BanaeMetal.IEEEJ.QuantumElectron,1990,26:760[3]SunC2K,ChoiHKetal.Appl.Phys.Lett.,1993,62:747[4]KlimovVI,SchwarzCJetal.Phys.Rev.B,1999,60:R2177[5]QianW,LinL,ZouYHetal.J.Appl.Phys.,2000,87:612[6]ZhongDP,ZewailAH.J.Phys.Chem.A,1998,102:4031[7]ThogersenJ,ThomsenCLetal.J.Phys.Chem.A,1998,102:4186[8]vanOijenAM,KetelaarsM,SchmidtJetal.Science,1999,285:400[9]vanBrederodeME,JonesMR,vanGrondelleRetal.Biochemistry,1997,36:6855[10]VillySundstrom.FemtochemistryandFemtobiology.Ultrafastreactiondynamicsatatomic2scaleresolution.London:ImperialCol2legePress,1996.66067755330(2001)6©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.