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12013年高一英语精品测试训练：Unit4《Earthquakes》任务型阅读（人教版必修1）任务型阅读阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入一个恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Passage1WhatShouldYouDoWhenanEarthquakeHits?Ifyoufindthegroundshakingbeneathyourfeet，there’saninternationalconsensusonhowyoushouldact.Earthquakesafetyboilsdowntothreebasicsteps：1.Droptotheground.2.Takecoverbygettingunderasturdydeskortable.3.Holdontoituntiltheshakingstops.Ifthereisn’tatableordesknearyou，droptothegroundinaninsidecornerofthebuildingandcoveryourheadandneckwithyourhandsandarms.Donottrytoruntoanotherroomjusttogetunderatable.Ifyouareinbed，holdonandstaythere，protectingyourheadwithapillow.Youarelesslikelytobeinjuredstayingwhereyouare.Brokenglassonthefloorhascausedinjurytothosewhohaverolledtothefloorortriedtogettodoorways.Ifyouareoutdoors，movetoaclearareaifyoucansafelydoso；avoidpowerlines，trees，signs，buildings，vehicles，andotherhazards：Ifyou’reatthemoviesorasportsgame，stayatyourseatandprotectyourheadandneckwithyourarms.Don’ttrytoleaveuntiltheshakingisover.Thenwalkoutslowlywatchingforanythingthatcouldfallintheaftershocks.Ifyou’redrivingacar，pullovertothesideoftheroad，stop，andsettheparkingbrake.Avoidoverpasses，bridges，powerlines，signsandotherhazards.Stayinsidethevehicleuntiltheshakingisover.Ifapowerlinefallsonthecar，stayinsideuntilatrainedpersonremovesthewire.Ifyou’rebytheshore，drop，coverandholdonuntiltheshakingstops.Estimate2howlongtheshakinglasts.Ifsevereshakinglasts20secondsormore，immediatelyevacuatetohighgroundasatsunami（海啸）mighthavebeengeneratedbytheearthquake：1Vloveinland3kilometers（2miles）ortolandthatisatleast30meters（100feet）abovesealevelimmediately.Don’twaitforofficialstoissueawarning.Walkquickly，ratherthandrive，toavoidtraffic,debrisandotherhazards.Ifyoulivedownstreamforadam，youshouldknowflood-zoneinformationandhavepreparedanevacuationplan.Latastrophiefailureisunlikely，butdamscanfailduringmajorearthquakes.Themainpointistotrynottomoveandtoimmediatelyprotectyourselfasbestaspossiblewhereyouare.Earthquakesoccurwithoutanywarningandmaybesoviolentthatyoucannotrunorcrawl；youthereforewillmostlikelybeknockedtothegroundwhereyouhappentobe.Youwillneverknowiftheinitialjoltwillturnouttobestartofthebigone.Inaddition，studiesofinjuriesanddeathscausedbyearthquakesintheUSoverthelastseveraldecadesindicateyouaremuchmorelikelytobeinjuredbyfallingorflyingobjects（TVs，lamps，glass，bookcases，etc.）thantodieinacollapsedbuilding.“Drop，CoverandHoldon”offersthebestoveralllevelofprotection.3答案：1.Measures/Steps/Action2.covered3.or/otherwise/since4.avoiding/not5.supposed/expected6.pull7.escape8.prepare9.where10.lessPassage2Eventssuchashurricanes，earthquakes，floods，volcaniceruptions，andtornadoesareallnaturaldisasters.Theyaremostlyrelatedtotheweather.Somearepredictable—likeahurricane.Some，likeanearthquake，surpriseus.Itisnecessaryforustolearnaboutthem，sowecanbeprepared!Floodinghappensduringheavyrains，whenriversoverflow，whenoceanwavescome4onshore，whensnowmeltstoofastorwhendamsorbanksbreak.Floodingisthemostcommonofallnaturaldisasters.HurricanesareseveretropicalstormsthatforminthesouthernAtlanticOcean，CaribbeanSea，GulfofMexico，andinthePacificOcean.Hurricanesgatherheatandenergythroughcontactwithwarmoceanwaters.Evaporationfromtheseawaterincreasestheirpower.Hurricaneshavewindsatleast74milesperhour.Whentheycomeontoland，theheavyrain，strongwindsandheavywavescandamagebuildings，treesandcars.Tornadoesarenature’smostviolentstorms.Tornadoesmustalwaysbetakenseriously.Tornadoescanbeverydangerous—sometimesevendeadly.Theycomefrompowerfulthunderstormsandappearasmoving.Tornadowindscanreach300milesperhour.Theycausedamagewhentheylandtheground.Theycandamageanareaonemilewideand50mileslong.Whilethunderwon’thurtyou—lightningwill!Soit’simportanttopayattentionwhenyouhearthunder.Thunderstormshappenmostlyinsummerandeverythunderstormhaslightning.Lightningcanstrikepeopleandbuildings，whichisverydangerous.Thunderstormsaffectsmallareaswhencomparedwithhurricanesandwinterstorms.Thetypicalthunderstormis15milesindiameterandlastsanaverageof30minutes.Avolcanoisamountainwithalargeopeningatthetopthroughwhichmeltingrock，steam，gasesescapefromtimetotimewithviolentforcefrominsidetheearth.Whenpressureincreases，eruptionsoccur.Gasesandrockshootupthroughtheopeningfilltheairwithsmallpieces.Eruptionscancauselavaflows，hotashflows，mudslides，fallingashandfloods，whichislikelytoknockdownentireforests，causefloodsandearthquakes.Freshvolcanicashcancausedamagetothelungsofolderpeople，babiesandpeoplewithrespiratoryproblems.TerribleNaturalDisastersNatural1ReasonsBasicfeaturesPossibledamagetoFlooding[]Heavyrains[ThemostcommonOcean45SnowmeltsDamsorbanksbreaks2Heavy5BuildingsStrongwindatleast74milesperhour7andcarsHeavywavesTornadoesWind300milesperhourAlarge8Dangerous，even6ThunderLightningPeopleand9Volcanic3PressureinsideEarthGasesandrockshootupEntire10CausefloodsandearthquakesThepeople’shealth答案：1.disasters2.Hurricanes3.eruptions4.waves5.rain6.deadly7.Trees8.area9.buildings10.forestsPassage3Mostscientistsarenowcertainthatglobalwarmingistakingplace.Gasessuchascarbondioxideproducedbyburningofcoal，oil，wood