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第1页必修四Module1：LifeinthefutureWords:1.alternative1)n．(二者当中)选一个；供选择的东西；havenoalternativebuttodo=havenochoicebuttodo2)adj.(二者当中)选其一的；非此即彼的;无比较级形式alternativeenergy替代性能源alternativeways可供选择的方法3)alternativelyadv.两者挑一地①Ihadnomoney，soIhadnoalternativebuttostayathome.因为我没有钱，所以除了待在家里别无选择。②Doyouhaveanalternativesolutiontotheproblem?你有没有别的办法来解决这个问题？③Theroadwasblocked，sowewentbyanalternativeroad.这条路被封锁了，因此我们走了另一条路。④Wecouldtakethetrainoralternativelygobycar.2.predictionn.[C][U]预言;预报,预告makeaprediction/makepredictions作预测v.predict预言某事将发生，预报ForecasterspredictthunderstormsinLondonforRoyalWedding.adj.predictable可预言的，可预报的①Theearthquakehasbeenpredictedseveralmonthsbefore.②Doyoutakeseriouslyhispredictionofagovernmentdefeat?③Iknewyou’dsaythat---youaresopredictable.３.riskyadj.riskn./v.riskdoingsth.冒…危险；明知…也要做atrisk(of)处于危险之中TheWorldFoodProgram(WFP)warnedthatLibyaisatriskofafull-blownfoodsecuritycrisiswithinthenext45to60days.putone’slifeatrisk冒生命危险attheriskoflosingone’slife冒…危险take／runarisk冒危险ariskyundertaking一份风险大的事业Thereisno/notmuchriskofherfailing.Wemustn’triskgettingcaughtinastorm.4.load1)n．负荷；重担；装载量；工作量；负载量；重任；aloadof/loadsof很多；许多bearaloadonone’sshoulders挑起重担takealoadoffone’smind解除某人的思想负担①Don’tworry；thereisloadsoftime.不用担心，时间很充裕。②Thegoodnewshavetakealoadoffmymind.听了这个好消息我就放心了2)vt.装载；使担负；vi.装货；装料load…with...把…某物装上/进…物体中loadatruck/aship/atrainwithgoods给卡车/轮船/火车装货链接：fill…with第2页equip…with…fit…with…cover…with…line…with…loadsth.into把…装入(某设备)②Herrecoverytookaloadoffmymind.她恢复了健康，使我卸下了心中重担。③Thetruckwasloadedwithbananas.那卡车装载着香蕉。④Hehelpedmeloadmyfurnitureontothetruck.他帮我把家具装上卡车。⑤Pleaseloadthenewfilmintothecamera.请把新胶卷装进照相机里。5.arrestvt.逮捕，扣留，阻止；吸引；arrestsb.forsth.因某事而逮捕某人be/getarrested被逮捕Sixchildren,twowivesofBinLadenwerearrestedalongwithhisfourclosefriends.arrestone’sattention引起某人的注意n.逮捕beunderarrest.被逮捕,被拘留place/putsb.underarrest.,成为囚犯１)Youcouldgetarrestedfordoingthat.干那种事可能要遭逮捕。２)Thepolicemanarrestedthemanforspeeding.警察以超速的罪名逮捕了那个人。3)Thenewmedicinearrestedthespreadofthedisease.该新药阻止了疾病的蔓延。4)Anunusualpaintingarrestedhisattention.一幅不寻常的油画吸引了他的注意。5)Shewasunderarrestonsuspicionofmurder.她因涉嫌谋杀而被逮捕。6.limit1）n．界限，限制setstrictlimits作了严格的限制withinlimits适度地，节制地withoutlimits无限地2)vt.限制，限定limit...to把…限制…内3)limitedadj.有限的①There’salimittowhatIcandoforyou.我能为你做的事有限(不能什么事都为你做)。②Thetaskistoomuchforme.Iknowmylimits.那工作对我来说太吃力了。我知道自己能力有限。③Hispatiencereacheditslimit.他的忍耐已经到了极限。④Youmustlimityourspeechtohalfanhour.你必须把演讲限制在半小时内。⑤Wearedoingourbestwiththelimitedresourcesavailable.我们利用可获得的有限资源，尽最大努力。7.command1)n.[U，C]命令，指挥；[U]控制；第3页have/takecommandof指挥；控制；dosth.at/byone’scommand奉某人之命做某事beatone’scommand听某人吩咐haveagoodcommandof对…掌握得好；精通=haveagoodknowlegeofin/underthecommandofsb.由某人统率(1)Thepolicearrivedandtookcommandofthesituation.警察到达后就控制了局势。(2)Thearmyisundertheking’scommand.军队由国王直接统领。(3)ApplicantswillbeexpectedtohaveagoodcommandofEnglish.申请人必须精通英语。(4)Hehasagoodcommand/knowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage.2)v.命令，指挥；掌握；拥有commandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事commandthat...(should)do命令做…同义词：order普通用法command用于军事上的意义(5)Thecaptaincommandedthesoldierstofire.上校命令士兵开火。(6)Hecommandedthatwe(should)crosstheriveratonce.他命令我们立即过河。(7)Theofficercommandedhismentofire.(8)Theteacherorderedthathe(should)gooutoftheclassroom.8.charge1)n．费用，价钱；主管，掌管freeofcharge＝forfree/fornothing免费What’sthechargefor…?…收费多少？incharge(of)主管；负责；照顾inthechargeof＝inone’scharge由某人负责，由某人管理underthechargeof在……负责之下takechargeof掌管；负责，看管2)v.控诉；收费；充电chargesb.withsth.因某事控告某人=accusesbofsth指控某人某事chargesb.(money)forsth.向某人索取…的费用chargeabattery将电池充电chargeagun给枪装弹①Whatisthechargeforusingthehall?大厅的使用费是多少？②Hewasinchargeoftheshopwhilethemanagerwasaway.经理不在时，他负责这个商店。③Theshopwasinthechargeofhimwhilethemanagerwasaway.经理不在时，这个商店由他负责。④Hetookchargeofthefarmafterhisfather’sdeath.父亲去世后，他掌管了农场⑤Theychargedmefivedollarsforacupofcoffee.他们一杯咖啡向我要价5美元。⑥Themanwaschargedwiththeft.这个人被控告盗窃罪。9.attach1)vt.系，贴，附上；连接，参加；使附属，使隶属第4页attach...to...把…系到;连接到…上attachalabeltothebottle贴标签于瓶上attachoneselftosb./sth.依附于某人/参加某事Heattachedhishorsetoatree.他将马栓在树上。2)attachedadj.(作表语)依恋的；附属于beattachedtosb./sth.依恋，留恋，爱慕某人/某事物；隶属于①Iattachedmyselftoagroupoftouristsenteringthemuseum.我随着一队游客进入了博物馆。②Doyouattachanyimportancetowhathesaid?你认为他说的话重要吗？③It’seasytobecomeattachedtothechildrenyouworkwith.喜欢上和你相处的孩子们很容易。④Thehospitalisattachedtothatuniversity.这医院附属于那所大学。Phrases:1.forsure肯定的,有把握的Hewillbehereforsurewithinanhour.他肯定会在一个小时内到这儿的。makesureof/about/that…确保Beforeyouleave,you’dbettermakesurethelightsareswitchedoff.besuretodo（说话人确定）besureofsth/doing(主语确定)Heissureofhissuccess.Heissuretosucceed.2.runoutof用完……链接：1)sb./sth.runoutof…某人/物用完了…2)sth.runout某物（时间，食物，金钱等）用完3)giveoutvi.用尽，精疲力竭，4)useupvt.用完，消耗尽①Thecarranoutofpetrolaftertenmiles.这辆小汽车跑了10英里就没油了。②Wearerunningoutofourtime.＝Ourtimeisrunningout.我们剩下的时间不多了。③Hisstrengthgaveoutafterheranthatlongdistance.跑完这么长一段距离，他已精疲力竭。④Mymoneyhasbeenusedup，soIhavetoreturnhome.我的钱已经用完了，因此我必须回家。runout其他意思Weranhimoutofthetown.我们把他驱逐出镇子。Itwasaninsurancepolicythathadrunout.那是一张已过期的保险单。例题：Thephotographerneedstochargeupthedigitalcameraeverydayasthebattery_____quickly.A．sh