汽车专业英语3781451152

AutomobileProfessionalEnglish汽车专业英语VocabularyStudyTranslationSkillsExercisesChapterOneEngineUnit1EngineMechanicalUnit2EFISystemUnit3EngineCoolingandLubricationSystemUnit4EngineIgnition,StartingandChargingSystemUnit5EngineDiagnosisSystemUnit1EngineMechanical1.CylinderBlockTheengineblockisthemainsupportingstructuretowhichallotherenginepartsareattached.Fig.1-1-1showsacylinderblock.Ithastwomainsections:thecylindersectionandthecrankcasesection.Thecrankcasesectionisusedtohousethecrankshaft,oilpan.Coolingpassagewaysarebuiltwithintheblock.Thesepassageways,alsoknownaswatersockets,surroundthecylinders.Theyallowcoolanttocirculatethroughoutthecylinderareatokeeptheenginecool.Thereisalsoadrilledpassagewaywithinsomeblocksforthecamshaft.Manyoilholesaredrilledinternallysothatenginepartscanbeadequatelylubricated.engine发动机block气缸体cylinder气缸crankcase曲轴箱house安装crankshaft曲轴camshaft凸轮轴coolant冷却液oilpan机油盘watersocket水套internally内部地adequately充分地lubricate润滑Four-CylinderEngineCylinderBlock(四缸发动机气缸体)Fig.1-1-11-cylinderblock(气缸体)2-cylinder(气缸)3-crankcasearea（曲轴箱部分）2.CylinderLinersThepurposeofusingalineristhat,ifthecylinderisdamaged,thelinercanberemovedandreplacedrathereasily.Therearetwotypesofsleeves－wetanddry.Sealsmustbeusedonthetopandbottomofthewetsleeveinordertokeepthecoolantfromleakingoutofthecoolingsystem.3.CylinderHeadTheCylinderheadisusedtoholdthevalves,andithasportstoallowair,fuelandexhausttomovethroughtheengine.Inaddition,ithascoolantpassages.Fig.1-1-2showsacylinderhead.Afterthecylinderheadhasbeencast,someareasmustbemachinedsothatintakeandexhaustmanifoldscanbeattached,valvescanbeseated,sparkplugsandinjectorscanbeinstalled,andagoodsealcanbeprovidedtotheblock.liner（发动机)气缸套remove拆下replace取代seal密封，封条leak使渗漏valve气门；阀port孔管道exhaust排气inaddition另外intake进气，吸入manifold歧管spark火花plug塞子injector喷油器install安装CylinderHead（气缸盖）Fig.1-1-21-cap(盖)2-cylinderheadbolt（气缸盖螺栓）3-exhaustmanifoldgasket（排气歧管垫）4-cylinderheadgasket（气缸盖垫片）5-intakemanifoldgasket(进气歧管垫)6-cylinderhead(气缸盖)7-cylinderheadcovergasket(气缸盖罩垫片)8-cylinderheadcover(气缸盖罩）4.PistonandConnectingRodAssemblyThepistonandconnectingrodassemblytransmitsthepowerfromcombustiontothecrankshaft.ShowninFig.1-1-3,itmainlyconsistsofpiston,compressionrings,oilcontrolrings,pistonpinandconnectingrod.(1)piston:Pistonfitscloselywithintheenginecylinderorlinerandisabletomovealternatelyupanddowninthecylinder.(2)pistonrings:Therearetwotypesofpistonrings：compressionandoilcontrolrings.Thecompressionringsareusedtosealthepressuresofcompressionandpower.Theoilcontrolringsareemployedtoscrapeoilfromthecylinderwalls.(3)pistonpin:Itisusedtoconnectpistontoconnectingrod.(4)connectingrod:itisusedtoconnectpistontocrankshaftandchangesthereciprocatingmotiontotherotarymotion.piston活塞connectingrod连杆combustion燃烧consistsof由...组成compression压缩pin销fit使配合closely紧密地alternately交替地upanddown上上下下compressionring气环scrape把...刮除pistonpin活塞销reciprocatingmotion往复运动rotary旋转的PistonandRodAssembly（活塞和连杆总成）Fig.1-1-31-piston(活塞)2-pistonrings(活塞环)3-pistonpin(活塞销)4-connectingrod(连杆)5-connectingrodbolts(连杆螺栓)6-connectingrodcap(连杆盖)7-connectingrodbearing(连杆轴瓦)5.CrankshaftAssemblyItisboltedtothebottomofthecylinderblock.Thecrankshaftassemblyincludesthecrankshaft,bearings,flywheel,harmonicbalancer,timinggear,andfrontandrearseals.Fig.1-1-4showscrankshaftassembly.6.CamshaftAssemblyThecamshaftisdrivenbythecrankshaftandusedtoopenandclosethevalves.Thecamshaftassemblyincludesthecamshaft,camshafttiminggear,camshaftbearing,andtimingchain,belt（ifused）.harmonicbalancer扭转减震器timinggear正时齿轮chainbelt链(条)传动带7.ValveDriveMechanismItisusedtotransferthecamshaftliftThevalvedrivemechanismconsistsofthelifters,thepushrodsandtherockerarmsLifterschangetherotarymotionofthecamshafttoreciprocatingmotiontoopenandclosethevalve.Hydraulicliftersareusedtoreducenoiseandcontrolthevalveclearanceonmanyengines.Theyabsorbthevalvetrainclearancebyusingoilpressureinsidethelifterbody.Pushrodsareusedonlyonenginesthathavethecamshaftplacedwithintheblock.Overheadcamshaftsdonotneedpushrods.Rockerarmsaredesignedtochangethedirectionofthecamliftingforce.liftern.挺柱pushrodn.推杆rockerarm摇臂hydraulicadj.液压的clearancen.间隙liftingforce举升力CrankshaftAssembly（曲轴总成）Fig.1-1-41-front(前端)2-mainbearing（主轴颈）3-connectingrodbearing（连杆轴颈）4-crank（曲柄）5-counterweight（平衡重）6-rearflange（后端法兰）7-camshaftassembly（凸轮轴总成）8.ValveAssemblyThevalveassembly,showninFig.1-1-5,includesthevalves,valveguides,valveseats,valvesprings,springretainersandseals.(1)valves:Theintakevalvesandtheexhaustvalvesarelocatedwithinthecylinderheadonmostenginestoday.Theexhaustvalvesareusuallysmallerindiameterthantheintakeones,becauseontheexhauststrokethegasesmovemoreeasilyforthepressureofthepistonforcingthemout.(2)valveguides:Thevalveguidessupportthevalveinthecylinderhead.(3)valveseats:Theseatsprovideasurfacefortheintakeandexhaustvalvestosealthecombustionchamber.Theyarepressedintothecylinderheadandgroundtothecorrectangle.(4)valvesprings,keepersandretainers:Thevalvespringskeepthevalvesclosedwhenthecamshaftisnotliftingthevalves.Keepersandretainers