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2015年职称英语教材卫生类第二部分阅读判断USSignsGlobalTobaccoTreaty美国签署全球烟草条约1.TheUnitedstateshastakenthefirststeptowardapprovingaglobaltobaccotreatythatpromisestohelpcontrolthedeadlyeffectsoftobaccousethroughouttheworld.HealthandHumanServicesSecretaryTommyThompsonsignedtheFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControl(FCTC)thisweekattheUnitedNations.TheSenatemuststillapprovethetreatybeforetheUScanimplementitsprovisions.美国已经迈出，批准全球烟草公约，承诺帮助控制烟草使用世界各地的致命影响的第一步。卫生与公众服务部长汤米汤普森签署了烟草控制（烟草控制框架公约）框架公约本周在联合国。参议院还必须批准该条约之前，美国可以执行其条款。2.TheFCTCwasdevelopedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationandapprovedbymembersoftheWorldHealthAssembly,includingtheUnitedStates,lastyear.Countriesthatratifyitwouldberequiredtoenactstricttobaccocontrolpolicies.烟草控制框架公约是由世界卫生组织和世界卫生大会，包括美国在内的成员批准，于去年。批准该公约的国家将需要制定严格的烟草控制政策。3.Forinstance,cigarettessoldinthosecountrieswouldhavetohavehealthwarningsonatleast30%ofthefrontandbackofeverypack.Thetreatycallsforhighertobaccotaxes.restrictionsonsmokinginpublicplaces,andmorepromotionoftobaccopreventionandcessationprograms.Italsorequiresbansontobaccoadvertising,thoughtherearesomeexceptionsforcountriesliketheUnitedStates,wheretheConstitutionprohibitssuchanoutrightban.例如，销售的卷烟，在这些国家就必须拥有至少30％的健康警语前面和后面每包。该条约要求较高的烟草税。限制吸烟的公共场所，更是烟草预防和戒烟计划推广。这还要求禁止烟草广告，虽然有像美国，那里的宪法禁止这种全面禁止一些国家例外。4.Theimpactofthetreatycouldbehuge.TheWorldHealthOrganizationestimatesthattobaccousekillsnearly5millionpeopleworldwideveryyear.IntheUSalone,about440,000peopledieeachyearfromtobacco-relatedillnesses;aboutone-thirdofalcancersintheUSarecausedbytobaccouse,Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,WHOestimates,by2025tobaccowillkill10millionpeopleeachyear.该条约的影响可能是巨大的。据世界卫生组织估计，烟草使用造成约500万人在全球非常一年。仅在美国，大约有44万人死于与烟草每年有关的疾病，约三分之一的美国基地三分之一癌症是由吸烟引起的，如果目前的趋势继续下去，世卫组织估计，到2025年的烟草，将杀死1000万人每年。5.Thetreatymustberatifiedbyatleast40countriesbeforeitcantakeeffect.Sofar,109countrieshavesignedit,and12haveratifiedit.该条约必须在批准至少40个国家，才可以生效。到目前为止，109个国家已经签署，12个已批准。NappingtoaHealthierHeart?午睡使心脏更健康？Researchersthinkaproteinlevelcantellifapersonwithheartdiseaseislikelytosufferaheartattack.Also,astudysaysafternoonsleepmaycuttheriskofdyingfromaheartattack.研究人员认为，蛋白质水平可以判断一个人是否与心脏疾病是可能患上心脏病。同时，一项研究说，下午睡可能减少死于心脏病的风险。Researcherssaytheyhavedevelopedasimpletestthatcantellifapersonwithheartdiseaseislikelytosufferaheartattack.Thetestmeasureslevelsofaproteinintheblood.Theresearcherssaypeoplewithhighlevelsofthisproteinareathighriskofheartattack,heartfailureorstroke.研究人员说，他们已经开发了一个简单的测试，可以判断一个人是否与心脏疾病是可能患上心脏病。血液中的蛋白质水平的测试方法。研究人员说，人与高水平的这种蛋白质是高危险性心脏病，心脏衰竭或中风。KirstenBibbins-DomingooftheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscoledtheteam.Foraboutfouryears,theystudiedalmostonethousandpatientswithheartdisease.克尔斯滕比宾斯位于三藩的加利福尼亚大学的多明戈领导的团队。大约四年来，他们已经研究了一千例心脏病。TheresearcherstestedtheheartdiseasepatientsforaproteincalledNT-proBNP.Patientswiththehighestlevelswerenearlyeighttimesmorelikelythanthosewiththelowestlevelstohaveaheartattack,heartfailureorstroke.研究人员测试了心脏病患者为NTproBNP蛋白。患者的最高水平的近八倍更有可能比那些与最低水平有心脏病，心脏衰竭或中风。Theresearcherssaythepresenceofhighlevelsoftheproteininthebloodshowsthattheheartmuscleisunderpressureinsomeway.Thestudyinvolvedmostlymen,sotheresearcherscouldnotsayforsurethattheresultsarealsotrueforwomen.研究人员说，高水平的血液中的蛋白质的存在显示心脏肌肉的压力下。参与研究的大多数是男性，所以研究者不能肯定地说，结果也适用于妇女。TheysaythepatientswiththehighestlevelsofNT-proBNPwereolderandhadotherproblemslikediabetesorhighbloodpressure.他们说，与NTproBNP水平最高的患者，老年人和有其他问题，如糖尿病或高血压。Otherresearcherssaymorestudiesareneededtoconfirmifknowingtheproteinlevelsofaheartpatientshouldaffectthatperson'streatment.Theyalsowouldliketoknowifmoreaggressivetreatmentcouldreducethepatient'schanceofaheartattackorstroke.其他研究人员说需要更多的研究来确认是否知道蛋白质水平的心脏病病人应影响人的治疗。他们还想知道如果更积极的治疗可能降低病人的心脏病发作或中风的机会。ThestudyappearedintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation.这项研究发表在美国医学协会杂志。Couldalittlesleepduringthemiddleofthedayreducetheriskofaheartattack?AnunrelatedstudyearlierthismonthintheArchivesofInternalMedicinesuggeststhattheanswermaybeyes.这项研究发表在美国医学协会杂志。IncountriesliketheUnitedStates,afternoonnapsaremostlyforchildren.ButtheyarecommonforadultsinMediterraneancountries.Andthesecountriesgenerallyhavelowerratesofheartdisease.SoscientistsintheUnitedStatesandGreecewonderedifnapscouldplayapart.在像美国这样的国家，只有孩子才会睡午觉。但他们是常见的成年人在地中海国家。这些国家一般有较低的心脏病发病率。所以美国和希腊的科学家想小睡是否发挥了作用。Twenty-threethousandhealthyadultstookpartinthestudybyHarvardUniversityandtheUniversityofAthens.Thosewhotookthirty-minutenapsthreetimesaweekhadathirty-sevenpercentlowerriskofdeathfromheartproblemsthanpeoplewhodidnottakenaps.二零三名健康的成年人参加了在哈佛大学和雅典大学的研究。那些花了三十分钟的小睡三倍一个星期有百分之一三七的死亡风险降低心脏疾病的人比不打盹。Theresearcherssaynappingmayimprovehearthealthbyreducingstress.Theysaytheresearchsuggeststhatnapsareespeciallygoodforworkingmen.Buttheysaynotenoughfemalesubjectsdiedduringthestudytojudgethebenefitsforwomen.研究人员说，午睡可以减少压力，改善心脏健康。他们说，研究表明，小睡特别适合工作的人。但是他们说，在判断妇女的利益的研究没有足够的女性受试者。ManyBenefitsfromCancerOrganization1.Doyouknowachildwhosurvivedleukemia?Doyouhaveamother,sisterorauntwhosebreastcancerwasfoundearlythankstoamammogram?Doyouhaveafriendorcoworkerwhoquitsmokingtoreducetheirriskoflungcancer?Each