2013版新目标英语八年级上册一至三单元知识点小结

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Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?1.onvacation度假vacation意为“假期、假日”,相当于holiday,但vacation表示长的假期。如:thelongvacation长假thesummervacation暑假theChristmasvacation圣诞假期而holiday(尤其美国)指“假日;休息日;休假”。onvacation=onholiday意为“度假”2.anythinginteresting一些有趣的东西1)something,anything,nothing,everything是指物的不定代词。somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,everybody,everyone是指人的不定代词。somewhere,anywhere,nowhere,everywhere是指地点的不定代词。2)当形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词时,放在这些词的后面;3)这些不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。如:Iseverybodyhere?大家都到齐了吗?4)something,somebody,someone,somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中,而anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere用于否定句及疑问句中。如:Didyoudoanythinginteresting?你做了有趣的事吗?(表疑问)Whydon’tyouvisitsomeonewithme?你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢?(表建议)3.buysth.forsb.或buysb.sth如:Myparentsoftenbuysomebooksforme.=Myparentsoftenbuymesomebooks.4.提建议的句子:①What/howabout+doingsth.?如:What/Howaboutgoingshopping?②Whydon’tyou+dosth.?如:Whydon’tyougoshopping?③Whynot+dosth.?如:Whynotgoshopping?④Let’s+dosth.如:Let’sgoshopping⑤Shallwe/I+dosth.?如:Shallwe/Igoshopping?5.longtimenosee好久不见6.quiteafew相当多afew与alittle的区别,few与little的区别⑴afew一些修饰可数名词alittle一些修饰不可数名词两者都表肯定意义如:Hehasafewfriends.他有一些朋友。Thereisalittlesugarinthebottle.在瓶子里有一些糖。⑵few少数的修饰可数名词little少数的修饰不可数名词但两者都表否定意义如:Hehasfewfriends.他没有几个朋友。Thereislittlesugarinthebottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。7.mostof……的大多数如:mostofthetime大多数时间8.Stillnooneseemedtobebored.仍然没有人感到烦闷。1)seem意为“好像;似乎;看来”,是个连系动词,构成的短语有:seemtodosth.好像做某事如:Theyseemtotalkinclass.他们似乎上课说话。seem(tobe)+adj.似乎......如:Heseemed(tobe)illyesterday.昨天他似乎病了。Itseemsthat+从句似乎......如:Itseemsthathewasillyesterday.昨天他似乎病了。2)bored作形容词,意为“烦闷的;厌倦的”其主语是某人;而boring也是形容词,其主语是某物。如:Myparentsaskmetodohomeworkallday.Ifeelbored.我Doinghomeworkalldayisalittleboring.整天做作业有点无聊。相类似的词语还有:interestedadj.感兴趣的interestingadj.有趣的surprisedadj.感到惊奇的surprisingadj.惊奇的tired累的tiring令人疲惫的excited兴奋的exciting令人兴奋/激动的amazed惊讶的amazing令人惊讶的9.辨析:getto/reach/arrive牢记:相同点:都是“到达“的意思不同点:getto+地点/reach+地点arriveat+小地点(车站等)/arrivein+大地点(国家等)注意:若他们后面要加地点副词here,there,home等,则不需要加介词。10.enjoydoingsth.喜欢做…乐意做…如:Sheenjoysplayingfootball.她喜欢踢足球。enjoyoneself过得愉快如:Heenjoyedhimself.他过得很愉快。跟它意思相近的词组还有haveagood\greattime,havefun。11.decide意为“决定”,是动词。它的名词形式为decision。构成的短语有:decidetodosth.decideondoingsth.决定做某事makeadecisiontodosth.决定不要做某事,要用decidenottodosth.。如:LiLeihasdecidedtogotoBeijing.李雷已经决定去北京。12.nothing...but...意为“除......之外;只有”,如:IhavenothingtodobutwatchTValldaylong.我整天除了看电视什么也没干。13.feellike意为:“有什么感觉;感受到”,后跟宾语从句。另外,构成短语feellikedoingsth.意为“想做某事”。如:IfeltlikeIwasabird.我感觉我是一只鸟。Ifeellikeeating.我想吃东西。14.becauseof,because:becauseof+名词/代词/名词性短语Ihadtomovebecauseofmyjob.因为工作的原因我得搬家。because+从句如:IdoitbecauseIlikeit.我做这件事是因为我喜欢。15.below意为“在......下面”,其反义词为above,意为“在......上面”16.bringsth.to+地点,意为“带来”,其反义词是take。如:Pleasebringyourbooktoourschool.请把你的书带到我们学校来。Pleasetakeyourbooktoyourschool.请把你的书带到你的学校去。17.enough足够形容词+enough如:beautifulenough足够漂亮enough+名词如:enoughfood足够食物enoughto足够…去做…如:IhaveenoughmoneytogotoBeijing.我有足够的钱去北京。Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.她够大去读书了。18.so…that如此…以致于引导结果状语从句,so后面接形容词、副词.that后面跟从句。如:Shewassosadthatshecouldn’tsayaword.她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。19.tastegood尝起来很好吃。taste系动词用法“尝起来”后+形容词。其他表示状态的系动词有:feel(觉得)keep(保持)stay(保持)seem(好像)look(看来像……)smell(闻起来)sound(听起来……)taste(尝起来……)系动词与形容词连用Ifeelsick。我感到难受。Keepquiet,please!请安静下来!Theweatherstaysveryhot。天气非常热。Heseemsveryclever。他好像很聪明。Jimlookslikehisfather。吉姆长得像他父亲。Thefishsmellsterrible.这鱼闻起来坏了。Thatsoundsagoodidea。那听起来是个好主意。Thesouptastesverydelicious。Unit2Howoftendoyouexercise?1.exercise的用法v/n1)动词,锻炼,既可以作不可数名词“锻炼”讲,也可作可数名词“练习”讲。Heexerciseseveryday。Weoftendo/takeexerciseonweekends.2)domorningexercises做早操doeyeexercises做眼保健操Doingmorningexercisesisgoodforourhealth.做早操对我们的健康有益。2.No,Inevergoshopping.不,我从不购物。(1)goshopping意为“去购物”。Go+v.Ing形式表示进行某项活动。如:Goswimming/shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking去游泳/购物/滑冰/滑雪/钓鱼/爬山/徒步旅行。(2)never为频率副词,意思是“从不”。【辨析】:频率副词always,usually,often,sometimes,hardlyever,never频率副词词义频率英文释义always总是100%allthetimeusually通常90%often,generallyoften经常80%(at)manytimessometimes有时50%attimes,nowandthenhardlyever几乎不10%almostnot,notatallnever从不0%notever,notatanytime3.—HowoftendoyouwatchTV?你多久看一次电视?—Twiceaweek.一周两次。(1)howoften表示“多久一次”,是对动作的频率进行提问。可用于回答表示频率的副词,如always,usually,often,sometimes,hardlyever,never等,或用于回答表示频率的短语,如onceaday(一天一次),twiceaweek(一周两次),fourtimesamonth(一个月四次),everyday(每一天)等。如:▲—HowoftendoeshesurftheInternet?他多久在网上冲浪一次?—Onceaweek.(2)twiceaweek意思是“一周两次”是一个表示频率的短语,表示频率的短语一般是由“次数+a+时间名词”构成;表示“一次或两次”时,一般用once和twice表示,而表示“三次或三次以上”时,则用“数词+times”结构。如:onceamonth(一个月一次),twiceaday(一天两次),threetimesaweek(一周三次),fivetimesayear(一年五次)等。(3)疑问词how的用法1)怎样,用什么手段,方法/交通工具Howdidhedoit?/Idon’tknowhowtoswim.Howdoyoucometoschool?(2)情况如何(指身体健康状况)Howareyou?(3)howmany,howmuch表示“多少”howmany后接可数名词复数,howmuch接不可数名词。Howmanytimesdoyougotothepark?Howmucharethosepants?(4)howmanytimes询问多少次,其答语表示次数。如:oncetwice,threetimes等Howmanytimesdoyougotothemoviesamonth?Aboutthreetimes.(5)Howold...?询问年龄Howoldareyou?Iamfive.(6)Howabout…?……如何?……怎么样?Howaboutgoingtothemovies?(7)howlong询问多长时间,其答语表示一段时间,如:fortwodays,forthreehours等。Howlongwillittaketogettothestation?Abo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