汽车传动系冲击性能实验台控制系统设计

学士论文I摘要汽车传动系作为汽车动力传动系统中的关键部件，主要由发动机、离合器、变速器、传动轴和驱动桥组成。为确保汽车的安全行驶，必须对汽车传动系零部件的冲击性能指标进行全面检测。汽车传动系冲击性能实验台的意义，在于全面、准确地测试传动系总成零件的耐冲击性及其相关特性，为驾驶员安全提供保障，为生产厂家提高产品质量。实验中首先对汽车传动系的载荷进行分析，确定影响汽车传动系扭转冲击载荷的主要因素，结合突然接合离合器起步和不分离离合器紧急制动两个典型工况分析传动系冲击载荷情况。通过对实验台模拟的典型工况及传动系的结构分析，确定实验台机械结构，并设计实验台控制系统。实验台的控制与监测系统采用PC+数据采集卡+PLC联合控制方式。PC作为上位机，PLC作为下位机，实现了系统的动作控制、监控和数据处理。通过分析实验台控制系统的各组成环节，建立了控制系统的数学模型并进行了性能分析。将模糊控制与PID控制结合起来，提出了一种基于模糊参数自整定PID控制算法。仿真分析表明，设计的方法相对于传统PID法响应速度快，稳态精度和跟随精度高，有较好的鲁棒性。基于LabVIEW技术，设计了双闭环汽车传动系冲击性能检测系统，实现了系统的数据采集、数据处理、数据库管理等功能。实验结果表明，控制与检测系统的各项性能指标达到了设计要求。关键词：传动系；冲击性能实验台；控制系统；PID控制；LabVIEW学士论文IIAbstractAutomobilepowertrainistheimportantcomponentofautomobiledynamictransmissionautomobilepower-transmissionsystem，includingengine、clutch、transmission、transmissionshaftanddriveaxle.Inordertoensurethesecurityofautomobiledriving,itisimportanttotesttheimpactingdurabilityperformanceindexofautomobilepowertraincomponents.Theautomobilepowertrainimpactingperformancetestrigdurabilitytestrigisthetestequipmenttotestpowertrainperformance,whichcancomprehensivelyandexactlytesttheimpactingperformanceandrelativecharacteristicofpowertraincomponents，whichprovidesecurityforthedriverandimproveproductqualityformanufacturers.Inordertostimulaterealrunningconditionsofautomobilepowertrain,Firstlytheloadcharacteristicofautopowertrainisanalyzed.Confirmingmajorfactorseffectedimpactingtorqueofautomobilepowertrainarerunningconditionsofsuddenjointingclutchstartandnoseparatingclutchemergencybrake.Throughthetest-bedtosimulatetheworkingconditionsandtheofpowertrainstructureanalysis,todeterminethemechanicalstructureoftheprinciple,andtestcontrolsystemcomponentsrequiredtocontrolworkpiece.Thecontrollingandtestingsystemcontrolthetestrigbypersonalcomputerallyingwithdatacollectionboardandprogramlogicalcontroller.PCisashostcomputer,andPLCisasslavesystem.Ithasachievedtheactioncontrolling,monitoringanddatadealing.Throughanalyzingallpartsoftestrigcontrollingsystem,mathematicalmodelsofcontrollingsystemarebuilt.BasedonPIDcontrollingcan’tsatisfytherequestofcontrolling,inordertoadapttestrig’inertiaqualitysystemandtestenvironmentchanges,anewalgorithmbasedonaparameterself-adjustingfuzzyPIDisprovided.Theresultsofsimulatingareprovedthatthenewalgorithmhasquicklyspeedresponse,highsteady-stateaccuracyandhightrackaccuracytotraditionalPIDmethod.Ithasgoodrobusttomodelparameterchanging.ThesoftwareofthesystemoftestrigisbuiltonthebaseofLabVIEW.Thedataiscollectedandanalyzedbythesoftware.Itfinishedthedatacollectinganddealing.Andtheman-machinewasbuilt.Theresultisprovedthattheperformanceindexofcontrollingsystemachievestotestrigdesigningdemand.Keyword:Powertrain；Impactpropertiestestrig；ControlSystem；PIDcontrol；学士论文IIILabVIEW学士论文IV目录摘要....................................................................................................................................IAbstract.................................................................................................................................II1绪论.................................................................................................................................11.1开发汽车传动系冲击性能实验台的重要意义.............................................................11.2国内外汽车传动系冲击性能实验台的开发现状及技术水平.....................................11.2.1国内的研究现状..........................................................................................................21.2.2国外的研究现状.........................................................................................................21.3本论文的主要设计内容................................................................................................21.4技术指标........................................................................................................................22汽车传动系冲击性能实验台的工作原理及总体设计....................................................42.1实验台基本结构原理.....................................................................................................42.2实验台的总体设计.........................................................................................................42.2.1设计过程中需要解决的问题......................................................................................42.2.2实验台机械结构部分整体设计..................................................................................42.2.3实验台控制系统部分的整体设计..............................................................................53实验台机械结构部分的设计............................................................................................63.1实验台实验过程.............................................................................................................63.2实验台机械部分使用要求.............................................................................................63.3实验台机械结构部分的设计.........................................................................................63.3.1实验台机械结构部分方案确定及组成......................................................................73.3.2动力部分...................................................................................................................