2012年阅读真题解析

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12012年试题分析PassageOne生词释义1.bepopularwithsb:在sb中很受欢迎2.toscorn:(动词)轻视,蔑视=lookdownuponscornful:(形容词)轻视的3.LosAngelesUnified:洛杉矶联合校区4.acrossthecountry:整个国家=throughoutthecountry5.torevise:修订,修改6.ritual:(名词)1)仪式,*ancientreligiousrituals古代的宗教仪式*theimportanceofreligionandritualinourlives我们生活中宗教和仪式的重要性*Theladyofthehouseperformsthesacredritualoflightingtwocandles.女主人点燃了两根蜡烛,举行了神圣的仪式。2)(文中含义)惯例*thedailyritualofmealtimes每天吃饭的惯例*Hewentthroughtheritualoflightinghiscigar.他习惯性地点了一支烟。7.flexible:灵活的,可改变的inflexible:不可改变的8.tomandate:(及物动词)强制规定*ThesemeasuresweremandatedbytheIMF.国际货币组织强制规定了这些措施。#mandatethat...规定.....;要求....*Justicemandatesthatweshouldtreatallcandidatesequally.正义要求我们平等对待所有的候选人。9.exception:例外#withtheexceptionofsth:除….之外=except*Wealllaughed,withtheexceptionofMaggie.#withoutexception无一例外*Eachplant,withoutexception,containssomekindofsalt.每一种植物都无一例外地含有某种盐。10.tocount(for):有价值,很重要=beimportant*Firstimpressionsreallydocount.第一印象真的很重要。*Hispromisesdon'tcountformuch.他的承诺算不了什么。*Hisoverseasresultscountfornothing.他在海外的经历不重要。2与accountforsomething进行比较1)占…的比重*Afro-Americansaccountfor12%oftheUSpopulation.非裔美国人占美国人口的12%.2)解释….的原因*Recentpressureatworkmayaccountforhisbehavior.最近在工作上的压力可能可以解释他的行为。*Canyouaccountforyourmovementsonthatnight?你能解释那天晚上的行为吗?11.academic:学业的academicgrade:学业成绩academy:(名词)学术*Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentlyyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonthiseducationalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade.家庭作业从来就没有受到过学生、甚至是家长的特别欢迎,而近些年来更是备受贬损。美国各学区,特别是最近的洛杉矶联合校区,正在矫正对这一教育惯例的看法。不幸的是,洛杉矶联校制定了一项硬性政策,规定除了一些高级课程外,家庭作业在学业成绩中所占比重不能再超过10%。12.bemeanttodo:应该做….;有责任做…=should*Comeon,Ellen,you'remeanttobehelpingme.行了,Ellen,你应该帮帮我。*Ithoughtthepoliceweremeanttoprotectpeople.我认为警察有责任保护大家。13.impoverished:贫穷的=poor14.chaos:(名词)混乱chaotic:混乱的15.contradictory:矛盾的动词形式:tocontradict(注:“和….相矛盾”,后面不加with*Thearticleflatlycontradictstheirclaims.这篇文章和他们所宣称的是完全矛盾的。*Thewitnessstatementscontradicteachotherandthefactsremainunclear.证人的证词自相矛盾,事实还不清楚。316.onone’sown:独立地=independently17.togiveapasstosb:让sb通过,让sb过关18.complicated:复杂的=complex19.toimply:(动词)暗指,暗示implication:名词*Itisgoingclosetotheimplicationthat….差不多就是指…..,Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisunclearandcontradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotcompleteontheirownorthattheycannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.该规定的目的是解决那些家境贫困或家庭状况糟糕的学生在完成作业时可能存在的困难。但是该政策不够清晰并自相矛盾。当然,若学生不能独立完成作业或者需要昂贵的设备才能完成,这样的家庭作业就不该布置。但是如果学生因为家庭环境复杂未完成作业,而学区却基本让其过了关,那么这就相当于明目张胆地说,对贫穷孩子有必要降低考试标准。20.administrator:管理者21.schooling:(不可数名词)学业*childrenintheirfinalyearofcompulsoryschooling这些孩子是义务教育的最后一年*Al'sdadhadonlyafewyearsofschooling艾尔的爸爸只受过几年教育22.toassign:布置assignment:(名词)布置的作业和任务23.toskip:跳过,略过,不做*Idecidedtoskipthefirstchapter.我决定跳过第一章。*Sheskippedlunchinordertogoshopping.为了去购物,她没有吃午餐。24.reportcard:成绩报告单25.ratherthan:=insteadof不是….*Ithinkyou'dcallitalectureratherthanatalk.我认为,你应该把它称之为讲座,而不是一次谈话。*Ratherthangostraightontouniversitywhynotgetsomeworkexperiencefirst?不直接去上大学,何不先取得一些工作经验呢?*Brysondecidedtoquitratherthanacceptthenewrules.布里森决定辞职,而不是接受新的规则。26.toempowersbtodo:授权sb做sth4*ThePresidentisempoweredtoappointjudgestotheSupremeCourt.总统被授权为最高法院任命法官。27.toimpose:强加#toimposesthonsb:把sth强加在sb身上*Someparentsimposetheirownmoralvaluesontheirchildren.有些父母把自己的道德观念强加在孩子身上。28.flat:(形容词)断然的across-the-board:统一的*aflat,across-theboardrule:一个断然、统一的规则Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapartofschooling;teachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeverylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossiblethatthehomeworkhelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule.学区管理层宣称家庭作业仍将是学业的一部分;允许老师自主安排作业量。但由于家庭作业在学业成绩中所占比重不能超过10%,学生就能轻易逃避一半的家庭作业,而成绩报告单上也几乎看不出差别。有些学生不做家庭作业统考也能取得好成绩,但是那些完成了家庭作业并且取得好成绩的学生呢?这很可能是由于写作业帮助了他们。然而该规定不是授权教师去探索什么样的作业最适合学生,而是强制规定了一个死板、统一的规则。29.toaddress:(动词)解决(重点词汇)=solve*toaddresstheproblem:解决问题30.thorn:(名词)刺thorny:多刺的;(文中含义)棘手的,难处理的31.academicachievement:学业成绩32.toeliminate:1)(文中含义)根除,消除(不必要或不重要的东西)*Thecreditcardeliminatestheneedforcashorchecks.信用卡免去了对现金或支票的需求。*Theteachershouldtrytoeliminatethepossibilitythatthechildhasahearingdefect.老师应该尽可能排除孩子有听力障碍的可能性。2)消灭,杀死(敌人/对手)533.conversely:相反地=onthecontrary34.tomatter:(动词)很重要=tocount*Moneywastheonlythingthatmatteredtohim.金钱是唯一对他重要的东西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