2013年英语四级阅读全攻略语义题解题思路

语义题：题型科普：四级阅读必考题型。08年5道语义题。09年2道语义题。10年4道语义题。11年1道语义题。平均来讲每次四级考试中会有1-2道语义题。题型形式：语义题一般就原文中一个有特殊含义的单词，词组或句子进行提问，题目形式非常有特点。如：By“aone-waystreet”(Line1,Para.1),theauthormeans________.[A]universityresearchersknowlittleaboutthecommercialworld[B]thereislittleexchangebetweenindustryandacademia[C]fewindustrialscientistswouldquittoworkinauniversity[D]fewuniversityprofessorsarewillingtodoindustrialresearch解题思路：整体来讲，语义题属于四级阅读中偏难的题目。因为既然问到一个单词词组或句子的意思，那正确答案就必然不能从原文本身来找寻。个别语义题需要进行语义理解甚至一步简单推断。但还是有一些语义题是能够有标准化的做题思路的，即：结合上下句，重点关注并列转折和解释说明部分。这个思路包含三方面内容，分别展开讲解。1.结合上下句。语义题所提问的单词词组或句子一般同学都不认识，即使认识，正确答案也未必是同学认识的含义。这种题的目的就是希望同学能结合上下句，来理解不认识的单词词组或句子。很多情况下，正确答案直接对应语义考查词句的上下句。如2011年12月的语义题：63.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingmoneyisknown...tobringarelationshiptoitsknees(Line1,Para.2)?A)Moneyisconsideredtobetherootofallevils.B)Somepeoplesacrificetheirdignityformoney.C)Fewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofmoney.D)Disputesovermoneymayruinarelationship.Sincemoneyisknowntobeoneofthethingsmostlikelytobringarelationshiptoitsknees,weshouldbegrateful.FormanyfamiliestherecessionmeansmorethannotbookingaholidayAYouGovpollof2,000peoplefound22%saidtheywerearguingmorewiththeirpartnersbecauseofconcernsaboutmoney.解析：同学做这道题完全不需要理解moneyisknown...tobringarelationshiptoitsknees这句话本身。就从上下句来看。同学记住，所谓上下句，并不是上下句都一定要看，而是去看上下和该句有关系的句子。从文章结构上看，很明显，语义考点在该段第一句，后面的句子肯定要支撑前面的信息。所以重点看后面信息即可。FormanyfamiliestherecessionmeansmorethannotbookingaholidayAYouGovpollof2,000peoplefound22%saidtheywerearguingmorewiththeirpartnersbecauseofconcernsaboutmoney.简单阅读后文，易得正确答案D选项，Disputesovermoneymayruinarelationship.答案中Disputesovermoney对应原文concernsaboutmoney，答案中ruinarelationship对应22%saidtheywerearguingmorewiththeirpartners.2.重点关注并列转折关系。这是也是做语义猜词的一大利器。因为由并列转折连接的两部分会存在语义含义和成分的对应。所以如果有一个单词不认识，就可以去看其并列或转折部分的信息中找对应信息。试举一例：Foreignstudentsearn30%ofdoctoraldegreeawardedintheUnitedStatesand38%ofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.该句中and后面的those应该如何理解。同学从并列关系连接的两部分中易得出，百分比对应百分比，intheUnitedStates对应intheUnitedKingdom，所以those指的就是doctoraldegree.3.解释说明部分其实考官在出一些语义题的时候也是动了恻隐之心的。会在晦涩难懂信息的附近存在一个解释说明部分。解释说明部分的标志是逗号，冒号，破折号，双引号。举例08年12月的真题：原文：Thenthere’stheostrichapproach.“Somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,”saysDr.RossCartmill.WhatdoesDr.RossCarmillmeanby“theostrichapproach”?A.Acasualattitudetowardsone’shealthconditions.B.Anewtherapyforcertainpsychologicalproblem.C.Refusaltogetmedicaltreatmentforfearofthepaininvolved.D.unwillingnesstofindoutaboutone’sdiseasebecauseoffear解析：原文中的theostrichapproach同学不理解完全不影响解题。后面的双引号是非常明显的解释说明，直接通过该句比较选项即可。正确答案D,unwillingnesstofindoutaboutone’sdiseasebecauseoffear。选项中的unwillingnesstofindout对应原文中的wouldrathernotknow，选项中的fear对应文章中的scared。另外，语义题排除选项还有两个技巧。1.排除字面解释。2.排除跨度选项。分别解释：排除字面解释。语义题考的就是同学能不能结合文章其他信息来理解不认识的词句，所以正确答案绝对不能是语义考查词句的字面解释。以2010年6月的语义题为例：64.Whatdoestheauthormeanby…you'rejustunderlininghisfaults(Line4,Para.3)?A)Youarenottakinghismistakesseriouslyenough.B)Youarepointingouttheerrorshehascommitted.C)Youareemphasizingthefactthatheisnotintelligent.D)Youaretryingtomakehimfeelbetterabouthisfaults.原文：researchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.IfyoutellyourdimfriendthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you'rejustunderlininghisfaults.解析：这道题即使同学读不懂原文，也应知道，这题you'rejustunderlininghisfaults，肯定和字面解释，“错误”无关。所以A选项的mistake，B选项的error和D选项的fault都揭示了此三个选项出局的命运。正确答案C，绝对不是字面本身的意思，要有一个引申含义。排除跨度选项。以2006年12月题目为例：59.The“fancierbrands”(Line3Para.5)refersto________.A)tapwaterfromtheThamesRiverB)famouswinesnotsoldinordinarystoresC)PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniD)expensivebottledwaterwithimpressivenames(D)该题涉及原文信息：Butisplaintapwaterallthatbad?Notatall.Infact,NewYork’smunicipalwaterformorethanacenturywascalledthechampagneoftapwateranduntilrecentlyconsideredamongthebestintheworldintermsofbothtasteandpurity.Similarly,amagazineinEnglandfoundthattapwaterfromtheThamesRivertastedbetterthanseveralleadingbrandsofbottledwaterthatwere400timesmoreexpensive.Nevertheless,soft-drinkcompaniesviewbottledwaterasthenextbattle-groundformarketshare—thisdespitethefactthatover25percentofbottledwatercomesfromtapwater:PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniarebothpurifiedtapwaterratherthanspringwater.Asdinersthirstforleadingbrands,bottlersandrestaurateurssalivate(垂涎)overtheprofits.Arestaurant’stypicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent,whereasonbottledwaterit’soften300to500percent.Butsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren’tavailableinstores,mostdinersdon’tnoticeorcare.此题A,C两个选项可以排除。因为A选项中的thamesriver和C选项的PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasani分别是上上段和上段中的例子内容，很难和本题考点词产生任何逻辑和语义关系。所以这种的跨段选项，排除。