汽车发电机电磁干扰测试技术研究

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汽车发电机电磁干扰测试技术研究重庆大学工程硕士学位论文学生姓名:蔡恒指导教师:董小闵副教授兼职导师:何举刚研高工工程领域:车辆工程重庆大学机械工程学院二O一一年五月ResearchontheElectromagneticInterferenceTestingMethodsforAutomotiveGeneratorAThesisSubmittedtoChongqingUniversityinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementfortheDegreeofMasterofEngineeringByCaiHengSupervisedbyAssociateProf.DongXiaominPluralisticSupervisedbySeniorEngineerHeJugangSpecialty:VehicalEngineeringCollegeofMechanicalEngineeringofChongqingUniversity,ChongqingChinaMay2011重庆大学硕士学位论文中文摘要I摘要随着汽车工业和电子技术的迅速发展,越来越多的电子设备应用于汽车之上,它们极大的提高了汽车的舒适性和安全性,但与此同时整车电器系统的电磁兼容性问题也日益突出。而汽车发电机是汽车电源系统的重要组成部分,它向车内的用电设备提供电能,其电磁兼容性能对车内电器设备的正常工作状态有着直接和重要的影响。因此对汽车发电机的电磁兼容性进行研究就具有极为重要的理论意义和工程价值。本论文在中国兵器装备集团公司“097”项目《轿车电磁兼容关键技术研究》(NO:10111613)的资助下,对汽车发电机电磁干扰的形成机理和测试技术进行了研究。研究内容如下:①通过对汽车电磁兼容国内外研究文献的查阅和研读,对汽车电磁兼容的主要研究内容、研究的方法和目前国内外汽车电磁兼容的研究水平进行了较为详细的阐述。在此基础之上,对汽车发电机电磁兼容研究的重要性和本课题的主要研究内容进行了重点论述。②对汽车交流发电机的工作原理和电磁干扰源进行了研究。指出汽车发电机在整流过程、电压调节和发电机抛负载时,都会形成电磁干扰。发电机整流器在换相过程中会在直流侧产生大量的干扰;而交流发电机调器采用的调节方式为瞬间断电式,因而会在磁场线圈中引起频率不等、峰值不等的自感电势;另外,发电机因电缆腐蚀、接触不良或发动机正常运转时,有意或无意的断开与蓄电池的连接,会形成发电机输出电压的瞬间上升的抛负载现象。③发电机的电磁干扰对车内敏感电器设备/系统的正常工作和整车电磁兼容法规通过性都具有重要影响。因此,通过对发电机整流系统电磁干扰形成机理的分析,指出整流器直流侧所形成的电磁干扰主要是由于换相过程中硅二极管的开关工作方式所引起的电压跳变所产生,并推导出了传导和辐射电磁干扰的计算公式。④考虑到发动机转速变化、电气负载变化以及车内复杂电磁环境等因素的影响,导致在整车上不易准确测试出发电机的电磁骚扰特性,而一般采用电动机对发电机进行拖动的测试台架,由于电动机在运转过程中本身要形成较强的电磁干扰,因此,必须进行相应的屏蔽处理,实施起来较为困难。基于上述原因,设计出用气动马达对发电机进行拖动和调速的测试台架,对发电机的传导和辐射电磁干扰进行了测试。并对发电机抛负载过程中的瞬态电压进行了测试和分析。关键词:汽车,交流发电机,电磁干扰,电磁兼容,测试技术重庆大学硕士学位论文英文摘要IIABSTRACTWiththerapiddevelopmentofelectronictechnologyandautomotiveindustry,moreandmoreelectronicequipmentsareusedinvehicles.Theyhavegreatlyimprovedcomfortandsecurityinthevehicle,butatthesametimetheelectromagneticcompatibilityprobleminthevehicle’selectricalsystemisalsobecomingincreasinglyprominent.Asanimportantpartofthevehicle’spowersystem,thegeneratorprovidespowertootherequipments,anditselectromagneticcompatibilityhasdirectandimportantinfluenceontheirnormaloperation.Therefore,studyonelectromagneticcompatibilityofvehicleshasquitesignificanttheoreticalandengineeringvalue.SponsoredbyProject097------KeyTechnologyStudyonElectromagneticCompatibilityinCars(NO:10111613)ofChinaSouthIndustriesGroupCorporation,thispaperdiscussestheformationmechanismandtestingtechniquesofelectromagneticinterferenceinautomotivegenerators.Thecontentsareasfollows:First,throughliteratureresearchandstudyondomesticandforeigndocuments,themaincontent,methods,andcurrentforeignresearchlevelofautomotiveelectromagneticcompatibilityarediscussed.Onthisbasis,thereisafocuseddiscussiononthesignificanceandthemaincontentsofelectromagneticcompatibilityresearchinautomotivegenerators.Second,theworkingprincipleoftheautomotivegeneratorandsourcesofelectromagneticinterferencehavebeenstudied.Itispointedoutthatelectromagneticinterferenceformsduringtheautomotivegenerator’srectification,voltageregulating,andloaddumpingprocess;thegeneratorrectifiercommutationprocessgeneratesalotofDCinterference;moreover,asthealternatoradjuster’spoweradjustmentistransient,self-inducedelectromotiveforceofvariedfrequencyandpeakvalueformsinthecoil.Inaddition,intentionalorunintentionaldisconnectionwiththebatteryduetocablecorrosion,badconnection,ornormalengineoperationcausesatransientload-dumpphenomenonofoutputvoltageincreaseinthegenerator.Third,electromagneticinterferenceofthegeneratorhassignificantinfluenceonthenormalperformanceofsensitiveequipmentsandsystemsinthevehicle.Italsohasasignificantimpactonthepassingoflawspertainingtovehicleelectromagneticcompatibility.Therefore,byanalyzingtheformationmechanismofelectromagneticinterferenceingenerator-rectifiersystem,itispointedoutthattheelectromagnetic重庆大学硕士学位论文英文摘要IIIinterferenceintheDCrectifiermainlyformswhenthereisavoltagejumpcausedbysilicondiodeswitchingduringthecommutationprocess;andaformulatocalculateelectromagneticconductionandradiationisderived.Fourth,takingintoaccountfactorssuchaschangesinenginespeedandelectricalload,thecomplexelectromagneticenvironmentinsidethevehicleetc.,itisunlikelytoaccuratelytestthegenerator’selectromagneticdisturbancecharacteristicsinvehicles.Moreover,thegeneratortestbenchisusuallydraggedbyelectricmotors.Duringoperationtheyformastrongelectromagneticinterferencewhichneedstobeshielded,andyetthisshieldingisquitedifficulttorealize.Fortheabovereasons,generatortestbenchdraggedandadjustedbyairmotorisdesigned.Generator’selectromagneticinterferenceconductionandradiationhasbeentested.Generator’stransientvoltageduringloaddumphasbeentestedandanalyzed.Keywords:automobile,ACgenerator,EMI,EMC,testingmethod重庆大学硕士学位论文目录IV目录中文摘要..........................................................................................................................................I英文摘要........................................................................................................................................II1绪论.........................................................................................................................................11.1论文的选题意义..................................................................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