2012年高考英语二轮复习学案状语从句

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总课时数科目英语使用时间主备人王锋使用人课题名称二轮复习——状语从句学习目标:状语从句的各种类型,并正确使用从属连词学习难点:状语从句中的时态表达法在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词的从句叫状语从句。状语从句根据它表达的意思不同可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和原因状语从句等。状语从句如果放在主句前通常用逗号分开。一、复习时需注意的要点1、如果hardly,scarcely或nosooner等置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构:例如:Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.2、Notuntil…在句首,主句用倒装。例如:Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcenturydidmanknowwhatheatis.直到19世纪初,人类才知道热能是什么。NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.直到我开始工作,我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。3、当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when引导这个从句,不可用as或while。例如:Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m4、如从句表示随时间推移,连词能用as,不用when或while。例如:Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏。5、as,though引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步从句必须把表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。句首名词不能带任何冠词。如句首是实义动词,助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如:Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.=Thoughhewasasmallchild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.=Thoughhetrieshard,heneverseems…虽然他尽了努力,但他的工作总做的不尽人意。二、历届高考试题分析例1、Generallyspeaking,_________accordingtodirections,thedrughasnosid-effect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken答案为B。【解析】这是一个由when引导的时间状语从句,原句应为“Generallyspeaking,whenitistakenaccording…”。由于take用被动时,主从句主语一致,因此从句中的itwas可以被省略,简化为whentaken…分词短语作状语,而选A、C时则缺乏主语。译文:通常地说,当这药按照指导说明被服用的话是没有副作用的。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m例2、—Dad,I'vefinishedmyassignment.—Good,and_________youplayorwatchTV,youmustn'tdisturbme.A.wheneverB.whetherC.whateverD.nomatter答案为B。【解析】nomatter不能直接引导让步状语从句,应用nomatter+wh族疑问词方可,故排除D;尽管A、C都有“无论”的意思,但只有B项whether可与or连用,表示选择,即“无论你玩还是看电视,不许打扰我”。例3、Thefamousscientistgrewup_______hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever答案为C。【解析】where引导的是地点状语从句。译文:这位著名的科学家在他的出生地长大,1930年他来到上海。因为在从句中有表示时间的介词短语in1930,所以可以排除when和whenever;wherever引导让步状语,意思是“无论在哪里”,与句意不符。例4、________,Ihaveneverseenanyonewho'sascapableasJohn.A.AslongasIhavetraveledB.NowthatIhavetraveledsomuchC.MuchasIhavetraveledD.AsIhavetraveledsomuch答案为C。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m【解析】这是一个让步状语从句。as在引导让步状语从句时,要把形容词或副词放在它的前面。如果是名词,一般不加冠词。如:Childasheis,hehaslearnedtwothousandnewwords.Aslongas“只要……”引导条件状语从句;Nowthat“既然”引导原因状语从句;As“因为”引导原因状语从句。译文:虽然我走过了那么多地方,我从来没有见过像约翰这样有能力的人。例5、Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey________.A.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurviveD.willsurvive答案为B。【解析】这是一个条件状语从句,主句用了一般将来时态。在条件状语从句中,一般不能使用将来时,但能和betodo的形式连用,所以应填aretosurvive。译文:在如此干旱的天气里,如果你想要花成活,就得给它们浇水。例6、TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsname_____itdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.A.aslongasB.whileC.ifD.eventhough答案选C。【解析】从句子意思可知,是一个条件状语从句。aslongas“只要……”引导条件状语从句经常用肯定句,所以要填if。译文:如果WTO不包括一个占人类五分之一的国家,它就名不符实了。例7、Shefoundhercalculator________shelostit.A.whereB.whenC.inwhichD.that答案为A。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m【解析】这是一个地点状语从句,意思是“东西是在丢的地方找到的。”inwhich用于定语从句中,其前必须有先行词。这个句子中没有先行词,所以不能填inwhich。例8、—I'mgoingtothepostoffice.—________you'rethere,canyougetmesomestamps?A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.If答案为B。【解析】while引导时间状语从句,意思是“当……时”。这句话的意思是“当你在那儿的时候,是否能给我买一些邮票?”as虽然也可以引导时间状语从句,但其意思是“一边……一边……”;because引导的是原因状语从句;if引导的是条件状语从句,对方已经说明要到邮局去,不能再作假设。例9、Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings________youcanfindthemagain.A.whenB.whereC.thenD.there答案为B。【解析】where引导地点状语从句。这句话的意思是“你应该作出一个规矩,把东西放在你能再找到它们的地方。”例10、We'llhavetofinishthejob,________.A.longittakeshoweverB.ittakeshoweverlongC.longhoweverittakesD.howeverlongittakes答案选D。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m【解析】however引导让步状语从句。要用陈述句的语序。三、巩固练习Direction:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestanswerthatcompletesthesentence.1.Itis___hehasbehavedsobadlythathemustbepunished.A.asB.sinceC.becauseD.that2.Practiseas___asyoucan.A.muchB.manyC.moreD.hardly3.___Iadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult,Idon’tagreethattheycannotbesolved.A.SinceB.AsC.EventhoughD.Because4.Iwillletyoudrive___youhaveadrivinglicence.A.unlessB.exceptC.onconditionthatD.sothat5.Mikeacted___nothinghadhappened.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA.asB.asthoughC.asalthoughD.justlike6.Rosesneedspecialcare_____theycanlivethroughwinter.A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as7.Thethiefran____hewasoutofsightinashortwhile.A.sofastthatB.toofastthatC.fastenoughthatD.suchfastthat8.___youunderstandthisrule,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.A.BeforeB.WhileC.AsD.Once9.Don’tgotothepartyuntil____.A.inviteB.invitetoC.invitedtoD.toinvite10.Theprotectiondevicecanhelptoeliminatethepossiblefaults______theycausemoredamage.A.unlessB.althoughC.untilD.before11.Thesetwoareasaresimilar____theybothhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason.A.tothatB.besidesthatC.inthatD.exceptthat12.____thatheisonlyabeginner,itisunderstandableforhimtomakesuchmistakes.A.ConsideringB.ConsideredC.ConsiderD.Toconsider13.Althoughheknewlittleaboutthelargeamountofworkdoneinthefield,hesucceeded____othermorewell-informedexperimentersfailed.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where14.Excuseme.Ifyourcall’snottoourgent,doyoumind____minefirst.A.ImakeB.ifImakeC.metomakeD.thatImake15.____thecalculationisright,scientistscanneverbesurethattheyhaveincludedallvariablesandmodeledthemaccurately.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA.EvenifB.Asfar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