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高中政治辅导网年高考高一政治必修一复习教案政治必修[1]重要知识点回顾（上）正文目录第一单元生活与消费····························································································2第一课神奇的货币·····························································································2第一框揭开货币的神秘面纱········································································································2第二框信用工具和外汇················································································································2第二课多变的价格·····························································································2第一框影响价格的因素················································································································2第二框价格变动的影响················································································································2第三课多彩的消费·····························································································3第一框消费及其类型····················································································································3第二框树立正确的消费观············································································································3第二单元生产、劳动与经营···················································································3第四课生产与经济制度·······················································································3第一框发展生产满足消费··········································································································3第二框我国的基本经济制度········································································································4第五课企业与劳动者··························································································4第一框公司的经营························································································································4第二框新时期的劳动者················································································································4第六课投资的选择·····························································································5第一框储蓄存款和商业银行········································································································5第二框股票、债券和保险············································································································6表格目录表格1股票和债券的异同·············································································6高中政治辅导网货币的基本职能：流通手段和价值尺度其他职能：支付手段、贮藏手段、世界货币2.纸币：纸币是由国家或某系地区发行的、强制使用的价值符号。国家不能任意发行纸币。纸币的发行量必须以流通中所需要的货币量为限度。原因：如果纸币的发行量超过这个限度，就会引起物价上涨，影响人民的生活和社会的经济秩序；如果纸币的发行力量小于这个限度，就会使商品销售发生困难，直接阻碍商品流通。第二框信用工具和外汇1.外汇：外汇是用外币表示的用于国际间结算的支付手段。汇率（汇价）：是两种货币的兑换比率外汇汇率=100单位外币:？人民币人民币汇率=1单位人民币:？外币所以，在人民币与外币的同一次兑换过程中人民币汇率和外汇汇率不能同时升高或降低。2.保持人民币币值稳定的含义：对内保持物价总水平稳定，对外保持人民币汇率稳定。意义：对人民生活的安定、国民经济持续快速健康发展，对世界金融的稳定，具有重要意义。第二课多变的价格第一框影响价格的因素1.商品的价值量是由社会必要劳动时间决定的。单位商品的价值量与生产该商品的社会劳动生产率成反比。2.价值规律的基本内容：商品的价值量是由生产该商品的社会劳动时间决定，商品交换以价值量为基础实行等价交换。表现形式：商品价格受供求关系的影响，围绕价值上下波动。第二框价格变动的影响1.价格变动对消费者需求的影响：当某种商品的价格上升时，人们会减少对它的购买；当这种商品的价格下降时，人们会增加对它的购买。2.价格变动对生产的影响，集中体现在：调节生产、提高劳动生产率、生产适销对路的高高中政治辅导网页质量产品。第三课多彩的消费第一框消费及其类型1.影响消费的因素：居民的收入和物价水平。其中，居民收入包括：居民的可支配收入、居民的未来收入预期、人们收入差距的大小。2.恩格尔系数：食品开支中所占的比例。恩格尔系数越大消费水平越低。第二框树立正确的消费观1.作理性的消费者应饯行的正确原则：（1）量入为出，适度消费（2）避免盲从，理性消费（3）保护环境，绿色消费（4）勤俭节约，艰苦奋斗2.绿色消费：绿色消费是以保护消费者健康和节约资源为主旨，符合人的健康和环境保护标准的各种消费行为的总称。在生活中应该这样消费（5R）：（1）节约资源，减少污染（2）绿色生活，环保选购（3）重复使用，多次利用（4）分类回收，循环再生（5）保护自然，万物共存第二单元生产、劳动与经营第四课生产与经济制度第一框发展生产满足消费1.人们的消费，从根本上讲不是由主观愿望决定的，而是由客观的物质生产状况决定的。因为：（1）生产决定消费的对象（2）生产决定消费的方式（3）生产决定消费的质量和水平（4）生产为消费创造动力人类消费所需要的一切商品和服务都靠生产创造出来，物质资料的生产是人类社会赖以存在高中政治辅导网消费对生产起着反作用，表现在：（1）消费是生产的目的（2）消费对生产具有导向作用（3）消费是生产的动力（4）消费为生产创造出新的劳动力第二框我国的基本经济制度1.我国社会社会初级阶段的基本经济制度是：公有制为基础，多种所有制经济共同发展坚持和完善这一基本经济制度的原因：（1）（必然性）公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度，适合社会主义初级阶段生产力发展不平衡、多层次的状况，符合社会主义的本质要求。（2）（符合三个有利于）实践证明，它有利于促进生产力的发展、有利于增强综合国力、有利于提高人民的生活水平。2.公有制的主体地位体现在：（1）公有资产在社会总资产中占优势（2）国有经济控制国民经济命脉，对经济发展起主导作用3.发展非公有制经济的积极作用：第五课企业与劳动者第一框公司的经营1.我国法定的公司形式有：有限责任公司、股份有限公司（1）主要区别：①有限责任公司：是股东以其出资额为限对公司承担责任，公司以其全部资产对公司的债务承担责任的企业法人②股份有限公司：是全部资本分为等额股份，股东以其所持股份为限对公司承担责任。（2）共同特征：“有限”和“合股”“有限”是指股东仅以其认购的股份对公司债务负有有限清偿责任。“合股”是指由若干人共同集资来建立一个公司，这笔资金被分成股份。持有这些股份的人叫做股东，他们是这个公司的所有者。2.公司的经营：指公司为向社会提供产品和服务并获取利润而进行的所有活动的总和。公司经营的目的：利润公司经营成功的取决因素：（1）公司要制定正确的经营战略（2）公司要依靠技术进步、科学管理等手段，形成自己的竞争优势。（3）公司要诚信经营，树立良好的信誉和企业形象。第二框新时期的劳动者1.就业对整个社会生产和发展具有重要意义高中政治辅导网页（1）就业使得劳动力也生产资料相结合，生产出社会所需要的物质财富和精神财富（2）劳动者通过就业取得报酬，从而获得生活来源，使社会劳动力能够不断在生产（3）劳动者就业，有利于其实现自身的社会价值，丰富精神生活，提高精神境界，从而促进人的全面发展2.如何解决我国就业形势严峻的问题：（1）党和政府从人民群众的各门利益出发，把扩大就业放在经济社会发展的突出位置，实施积极的就业政策，努力改善劳动就业和自主创业的环境。（2）每个劳动者都要发扬艰苦奋斗、自强不息的精神，破除与社会主义市场经济不相适应的旧思想、旧习惯，树立正确的择业观念，走向合适的工作岗位，靠自己的双手开拓新的生活，展现平凡而伟大的社会主义劳动者的风采。作为劳动者应当树立这样的就业观：（1）树立自主择业观（2）树立竞争就业观（3）树立职业平等观（4）树立多种方式就业观3.我国劳动者享有这些权利：（1）平等就业和选择职业的权利（2）取得劳动报酬的权利（3）休息、休假的权利（4）获得劳动安全卫生保护的权利（5）接受职业技能培训、享受社会保险和福利、提请劳动争议处理的权利（6）法律规定的其他权利我国劳动法对劳动者享有各种权利的规定的意义：（1）