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2011200811JournalofIronandSteelResearchVol.20,No.11November2008:(19822),,,;E2mail:deluby2000@163.com;:2008207208,,,(,201900):,,:;;;;:TG14214:A:100120963(2008)1120001206DevelopmentofSteelforValveSpringofAutomobileEngineLUJun,ZENGYu,ZHANGChi,XUWen2liang(BaosteelResearchInstitute,BaoshanIronandSteelCoLtd,Shanghai201900,China)Abstract:Asthekeypartsofautomobileengine,valvespringsarethemostsevereinrequiredfatiguepropertyandreliabilityofallsteelproducts.Thedevelopmentofsteelforautomobileenginevalvespringshasbeensummarizedbasedontheaboverequirements,especiallytheeffectsofalloyingelementsonthestrength,durability,fatiguepropertyandsagresistanceofvalvesprings.TheelementssuchasSi,Mn,Cr,Ni,Mo,NbandV,whichhavemademorecontributiontotheincreaseofstrengthandsagresistanceofvalvesprings.Atthesametime,thede2velopmentsofnon2metallicinclusionscontrolandtheireffectsonsteelproperties,andthesurfacetreatmentwerealsointroducedsystematically.Keywords:valvespring;fatigueproperty;non2metallicinclusions;sagresistance;micro2alloying,,25003000,9001000MPa,150200,,,800MPa,,2107(2104km)20,2020,,2040,;50,,,,,,,60SWOSC2V(SAE925455SiCr),,,(1)[1],SAE9254(100%)1Fig11TrendofhighstrengthsteelforvalvespringsinKobeSteel1111:2,7065Mn(SWO2V,C72,SAE1561),,;2Cr2V(SWOCV2V,50CrV468CrV2,SAE6150),;2Cr2Si,55SiCr(SWOSC2V,55SiCr6,SAE9254)1()1121Table1Chemicalcompositionofsteelfortypicalvalvesprings/%CSiMnPSCrVNiSAE9254015101591120116001600180010350104001600180--SWOSC2V0.5001601120116001500180010250102501500180--SWOCV01600165113011600150017001025010250150017001080118-KHV10N015601611180212001701100--018511050105011501200140Oteva70015001601120116001500180010250102001500180--Oteva75015001701120116501500180010200102001501100010501250102Oteva900150017011802120017011000102001020018511050105011501200140C720160017501150130016001900103001025---50CrV401450155011501300160019001030010250180111001015-55SiCr6015001601120116501500180010300102501500180--65Mn0163017001170137019011200102501020---50CrV01460154011701370150018001030010300180111001100124-55CrSi015001601120116001500180010300103001500180--,:,,,(2),,SAE92540121%[1314],,,,[15]2202Table2Mainfunctionsofseveraldifferentkindsofelementscontainedinvalvespringsteel1)Si[26],,,115%,Mn[711],,015%110%Cr[8,9,12],115%(),,Ni[7,9,11],1),,,,[4,16],[17]DYBan[18]SAE9254,(),:,,2211,,,,2[19],3,[20],,,,212:,,2Fig12Effectofsteelmakingprocessesonfatiguelimitofhighstrengthspringsteel3Fig13Relationshipbetweenaveragediameterofinclusionatfatiguecrackinitiationandbendingfatiguelimit21211,:,;,311:Al2O3DHRH,,[21]RH2SCS,(4[22])4Fig14Oxygencontentinsteelforseveralladlerefiningtreatments1989,IPANEMAVRSO[23](VD),131510-681410-6,2/321212,ASEA-SKFVADASEA2SKFVAD()ASEA2SKF,,Al2O3,,Al2O3CaOAl2O3MgOAl2O3(5)[24]3311,5CaO2Al2O32SiO2Fig15TernaryphasediagramofCaO2Al2O32SiO2,,3:011mm,,,[25],HSatoh[26][27],0105mm,,,,(6)[27]6Fig16Relationshipbetweenflawdepthsatfailureinitiationpointandfatiguelifeofnitrided+shotpeeningandas2nitridedsprings420312,[27]2090,,SSuda[1],,(7),,,,[28,29],,7Fig17Relationshipbetweennitridingtemperatureandhardness4(1),,,,(2),,,,(3),,,,(4),:[1]SumieS,NobuhikoI.ThePastandFutureofHigh2StrengthSteelforValveSprings[J].KobelcoTechnologyReview,2005,26(11):21.[2]NamWJ,ChoiHC.HighStrengthSteelWireRodforSus2pensionCoilSpring[J].WireJournalInternational,1996,(5):94.[3].[M].:,1999.[4]KawakamiH,YamadaY,AshidaS,etal.EffectofChemicalCompositiononSagResistanceofSuspensionSpring[J].SAETechnicalPaperSeries,1983,(1):28.[5]BorikF,BisaVA,SmithY.SagResistanceofSi2MoandSi2CrSpringSteel[J].SAETechnicalPaperSeries,1979,(1):409.[6].[J].,1988,(2):42.[7]YamamotoT.SpringSteelHavingaGoodSagResistanceandaGoodHardenability[P].U1S1Patent:544406,1985.[8]YamadaY.SpringSteelforVehicles[P].U1S1Patent:4409026,1983.[9]Sugimoto.SpringSteelHavingGoodDurabilityandSagResist2ance[P].U1S1Patent:5009843,1991.[10]YamamotoT.SteelsforVehicleSuspensionSprings[P].UKPatentApplication:GB2112810A,1983.[11]TomohitoI.HighStrengthSpringSteel[P].EUR.Patent:EP0265273,1988.[12]FurrST.LaboratoryStudiesofLow2ChromiumandChromi2um2FreeSteelsforSuspensionCoilSprings[J].SAETechni2calPaperSeries,1980,(2):479.[13].[M].:,1993.[14].[J].,1986,6(4):59.[15].[J].,1986,(3):29.[16].[J].,1988,(4):29.[17]KoyasuY,YanaseM.DevelopmentofHighFatigueStrengthSpringSteel[J].WireJournalInternational,1996,(5):88.[18]BanDY,NamWJ.DevelopmentofHigh2StrengthCr2SiSpringSteelforEngineValveSprings[J].WireJournalInternational,2000,(11):90.[19]TomohitoI,YukioI,HiroakiH,etal.EffectsofNon2Meta2llicInclusionsonFatiguePropertiesofUltra2CleanSpringSteels[J].ElectricFurnaceSteel,1986,57(1):23.[20].[M].:,1995.(14)511:(4),V23150mm(),,,S3,,3(1)V,23(2)V,23150mm(3)V(),,(4):[1],,.T[J].,1998,33(5):24.[2],.[J].,2006,18(1):11.[3]ZHENGShu2guo,ZHUMiao2yong.OptimizationofBafflesinaSix2StrandRoundBloomContinuousCastingTundish:aPhysicalModelingStudy[J].IronmakingandSteelmaking,2006,33(5):398.[4],.[J].,2005,41(10):1073.[5],.[J].,2006,6(4):522.(5)[21],,,.[J].,1999,34(9):68.[22]OkaE,KurosuN,EbiharaT,etal.NewHigh2QualityRodforSuspensionSpringsinAutomobiles[J].Wire