第四+五篇SmallButWiseOnDecember14,NASA1blastedasmallbutmightytelescopeintospace.ThetelescopeiscalledWISEandisaboutaswidearoundasatrashcan.Don'tletitssmallsizefoolyou:WISEhasapowerfuldigitalcamera,anditwillbetakingpicturesofsomethewildestobjects2intheknownuniverse,includingasteroids,faintstars,blazinggalaxies3andgiantcloudsofdustwhereplanetsandstarsareborn.I'mveryexcitedbecausewe'regoingtobeseeingpartsoftheuniversethatwehaven'tseenbefore,saidNedWright,ascientistwhodirectstheWISEproject.Sincearrivinginspace,theWISEtelescopehasbeencirclingtheEarth,heldbygravityinapolarorbit4(thismeansitcrossesclosetothenorthandsouthpoleswitheachlap5).Itscameraispointedoutward,awayfromtheEarth,andWISEwillsnapapictureofadifferentpartoftheskyevery11minutes.Aftersixmonthsitwillhavetakenpicturesacrosstheentiresky.ThepicturestakenbyWISEwon'tbelikeeverydaydigitalphotographs,however.WISEstandsforWide-fieldInfraredSurveyExplorer.Asitsnamesuggests,theWISEcameratakespicturesoffeaturesthatgiveoffinfraredradiation6.Radiationisenergythattravelsasawave.Visiblelight,includingthefamiliarspectrumoflight7thatbecomesvisibleinarainbow,isanexampleofradiation.Whenanordinarydigitalcameratakesapictureofatree,forexample,itreceivesthewavesofvisiblelightthatarereflectedoffthetree.Whenthesewavesenterthecamerathroughthelens,they'reprocessedbythecamera,whichthenputstheimagetogether.Wavesofinfraredradiationarelongerthanwavesofvisiblelight,soordinarydigitalcamerasdon'tseethem,andneitherdotheeyesofhumanbeings.Althoughinvisibletotheeye,longerinfraredradiationcanbedetectedaswarmthbytheskin.That'sakeyideatowhyWISEwillbeabletoseethingsothertelescopescan't.Noteverythingintheuniverseshowsupinvisiblelight.Asteroids,forexample,aregiantrocksthatfloatthroughspace—buttheyabsorbmostofthelightthatreachesthem.Theydon'treflectlight,sothey'redifficulttosee.Buttheydogiveoffinfraredradiation,soaninfraredtelescopelikeWISEwillbeabletoproduceimagesofthem.DuringitsmissionWISEwilltakepicturesofhundredsofthousandsofasteroids.Browndwarfs8areanotherkindofdeep-spaceobjectthatwillshowupinWISE'spictures.Theseobjectsarefailedstars—whichmeanstheyarenotmassiveenoughtojumpstart9thesamekindofreactionsthatpowerstarssuchasthesun.Instead,browndwarfssimplyshrinkandcooldown.They'resodimthatthey'realmostimpossibletoseewithvisiblelight,butintheinfraredspectrumtheyglow.词汇:trashcan/'træʃ,kæn/n.垃圾箱infrared/'infrə'red/adj.红外线asteroid/'æstərɔid/n.小行星dwarf/dwɔ:f/n.矮星注释:1.NASA(美国国家航空航天局)是缩写词,全称是NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration。2.thewildestobjects:任何你能想象得到的天体。wild有“未被人驯养的”“荒唐的”“离奇的”意思。3.faintstars,blazinggalaxies:指的是那些只能看到微弱的光和因燃烧而无法观察到的天体。4.polarorbit:极地轨道。指轨道平面与赤道面夹角为90。的人造地球卫星轨道。人造卫星运行时能到达南北极区上空,即卫星能飞经全球范围的上空。需要在全球范围内进行观测和应用的气象卫星、导航卫星、地球资源卫星等都采用这种轨道。5.lap:一圈。原指竞赛场的一圈或游泳池的一个来回,如:Sheovertooktheotherrunnersonthelastlap.她最后一圈超过了其他参赛者。6.infraredradiation:红外线辐射7.spectrumoflight:光谱,即,光辐射的波长分布区域。8.Browndwarfs:褐矮星。褐矮星非常暗淡,很难发现它们,要确定它们的大小就更加困难。9.jumpstart:启动练习:1.WhatissospecialaboutWISE?AItissmallinsizebutcarriesalargecamera.BItisassmallasatrashcan.CItsdigitalcameracanhelpastronomerstoseetheunknownspace.DNeverbeforehasatelescopecarriedadigitalcamerainspace.2.WhichisNOTthesynonymforthewordsnapinthethirdparagraph?Amake.Bshoot.Ctake.Dphotograph.3.ThecameraonWISEAisnodifferentfromanordinarycamera.Bdoesnotseeinfraredradiationwhiletheordinarycameradoes.Ccatchestheinfraredradiationwhiletheordinarycameradoesnot.Dreflectslightthathumaneyescansee.4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrectaboutasteroidsaccordingtoparagraph7?AAsteroidsfloatthroughspacegivingoffvisiblelight.BAsteroidsdonotreflectlightthatreachesthem.CItisdifficulttotakeasteroids'picturesbyordinarycameras,DTheWISEtelescopecantakepicturesofasteroids5.Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?ABrowndwarfsgiveoffvisiblelight.BBrowndwarfsgiveoffinfraredradiation.CBrowndwarfsarepowerstarslikethesun.DBrowndwarfsareimpossibletoseewiththeWISEtelescope.答案与题解:1.C短文的第一和第二段提供了答案。WISE的特殊之处就在于,虽然体积小,但它的数码相机能拍到任何天体,所以能够帮助天文学家观测到宇宙空间中(intheknownuniverse)的未知天文现象。其他选项都不是短文表达的意思。2.Asnap是个多义词,可以解释为“拍照”,更为确切的意思是“拍快照”。这里shoot,take和photograph都是snap的同义词。3.C短文第六段和第四段提供了答案。人类的肉眼和普通相机看到的光是visiblelights,看不见红外线辐射(infraredradiation),而WISE的相机能够看到。4.A短文第七段第二句说并非所有的宇宙中的物体都会发出可见光,比如asteroids,所以A是正确选项。其他选项的内容都可以在该段中找到。5.B最后一段的第一句说,褐矮星能出现在WISE照片中,根据上文对WISE望远镜的描述只有WISE望远镜才能拍到红外线射线,所以B是正确选择译文:第四十五篇小而聪明12月14日,美国国家航空航天局发射了一个体积小而威力大的望远镜,它的名字叫“WISE”(聪明),大约只有一个垃圾盒子那么宽。你可千万不要轻视这个小东西,WISE可是一款商强数码相机,它将在人类已知的宇宙里拍摄任何你所能想到的天体,包括小行星、那些只能看到微弱的光和因燃烧而无法观察的天体,以及自行星和恒星诞生以来的巨大尘埃云。NedWright是主持WISE项目的科学家,他说:“我十分兴奋,因为我们就要看到以前从未看到过的那部分宇宙”。到达宇宙空间后,WISE由于受极地轨道重力作用,一直在围绕地球旋转。(这意味着,每转一圈,它就离南极和北极靠近)。它的镜头是向外的,远离地球。每11分钟WISE就会抓拍天空一个不同的部分。六个月之后,它将把整个天空拍摄完毕。然而,WISE拍摄的相片不会像我们日常的数码相片。WISE是Wide-fieldInfraredSurveyExplorer(广域红外勘测探测器)的缩写。正如名字所示,WISE能拍到发出红外线辐射物体的相片。辐射是波浪状行进的一种能量。人能看到的光,包括大家熟悉的、在彩虹里看到的光谱就是射线的一个例子。当普通的数码相机给一棵树照相时,它能接收到树反射回来的、可见的光波。光波通过镜头进入到相机里,相机对它进行加工,然后把图像合成。红外线的波长比可见光长,所以,普通的数码相机捕捉不到他们,人眼也看不到这种射线。尽管人们看不到,人的皮肤能感受到较长红外线带来的温暖。这就是为什么WISE能捕捉到其他望远镜看不到的物体的主要原因。宇宙中,不是所有的东西都以可见光的方式呈现出来。例如,小行星是在太空中漂浮的大岩石,但是小行星吸收射到他们表面的大部分光。