汽车工作原理(英文)HowDoesACarWork

HowDoesACarWork?CarSub-SystemsofInterestTorqueConverterEngineTransmissionDifferentialTiresCarBodyEngineFourCyclesIntakeCompressionCombustionExhaustSimplifiedEngineModel10002000300040005000600070008000050100150200250300350400450Speed[RPM]Power[kW]EnginePowerasafunctionofEngineSpeedChevy4-cyl1.8LFord6cyl3LPorsche8cyl5.4L10002000300040005000600070008000050100150200250300350400450Speed[RPM]Power[kW]EnginePowerasafunctionofEngineSpeedChevy4-cyl1.8LFord6cyl3LPorsche8cyl5.4L10002000300040005000600070008000050100150200250300350400450Speed[RPM]Power[kW]EnginePowerasafunctionofEngineSpeedChevy4-cyl1.8LFord6cyl3LPorsche8cyl5.4L100020003000400050006000700080000200400600800100012001400Speed[RPM]Torque[Nm]EngineTorqueasafunctionofEngineSpeedChevy4-cyl1.8LFord6cyl3LPorsche8cyl5.4L10002000300040005000600070008000050100150200250300350400450Speed[RPM]Power[kW]EnginePowerasafunctionofEngineSpeedChevy4-cyl1.8LFord6cyl3LPorsche8cyl5.4L10002000300040005000600070008000050100150200250300350400450Speed[RPM]Power[kW]EnginePowerasafunctionofEngineSpeedChevy4-cyl1.8LFord6cyl3LPorsche8cyl5.4L100020003000400050006000700080000200400600800100012001400Speed[RPM]Torque[Nm]EngineTorqueasafunctionofEngineSpeedChevy4-cyl1.8LFord6cyl3LPorsche8cyl5.4L100020003000400050006000700080000200400600800100012001400Speed[RPM]Torque[Nm]EngineTorqueasafunctionofEngineSpeedChevy4-cyl1.8LFord6cyl3LPorsche8cyl5.4L100020003000400050006000700080000200400600800100012001400Speed[RPM]Torque[Nm]EngineTorqueasafunctionofEngineSpeedChevy4-cyl1.8LFord6cyl3LPorsche8cyl5.4L100020003000400050006000700080000200400600800100012001400Speed[RPM]Torque[Nm]EngineTorqueasafunctionofEngineSpeedChevy4-cyl1.8LFord6cyl3LPorsche8cyl5.4L100020003000400050006000700080000200400600800100012001400Speed[RPM]Torque[Nm]EngineTorqueasafunctionofEngineSpeedChevy4-cyl1.8LFord6cyl3LPorsche8cyl5.4L()fPUseSIunits!Torquein[Nm],velocityin[rad/s]andPowerin[W]CarSub-SystemsofInterestTorqueConverterEngineTransmissionDifferentialTiresCarBodyTorqueConverterTorqueConverterThemodelofatorqueconverterisfairlycomplexandhighlynonlinearWewillnotconsideritinthisclass.Ifyouneedit,itwillbeprovidedtoyouasaMatlabfunction.CarSub-SystemsofInterestTorqueConverterEngineTransmissionDifferentialTiresCarBodyTransmissionPurpose:providelargepoweratallvehiclevelocities050100150200250300350400050100150200250Velocity[kmh]Power[kW]PoweratthedriveshaftfordifferentgearratiosTransmissionmorecompactsunplanetringModelofaTransmissionAssumptions:•Nofrictionorotherlosses•NoinertiaReducestherotationalvelocity:Increasesthetorquewherenisthetransmissionratioandsubscriptinreferstotheshaftconnectedtothetorqueconverter.inoutnoutinnCarSub-SystemsofInterestTorqueConverterEngineTransmissionDifferentialTiresCarBodyDifferentialModelofaDifferential–SameasTransmissionAssumptions:•Cardrivesinastraightline•Nofrictionorotherlosses;noinertiaReducestherotationalvelocity:Increasesthetorquewherenisthetransmissionratioandsubscriptinreferstotheshaftconnectedtothetransmission.inoutnoutinnModelofaWheelAssumptions:•Cardrivesinastraightline•Noslip;notiredeformation;nofrictionlosses;noinertiaConvertsrotationalvelocityintotranslationalvelocity:Convertstorqueintoforce:whereRistheradiusofthewheel.carwheelvRwheelcarFRModeloftheCarBodyWindResistance:GravitationalForce:TireResistance:21()2dragdcarFCAvsin()gravFmgcos()rollingrFmggravFmgrollingFdragFcos()mgPuttingItAllTogether10002000300040005000600070008000900010000050100150200250300enginespeedinrpmtorquein[Nm]EngineandLoadTorquesfora10%Slopeenginetorqueloadtorque(1st)loadtorque(2nd)loadtorque(3rd)loadtorque(4th)loadtorque(5th)ExamplesofOtherModelsinVehicleDesignComputationalFluidDynamicsNoise,Vibration,andHarshnessCrashTestingThermalStressAnalysis