搜索
定语从句【备考策略】在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词，关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as，关系副词有when,where,why。一、关系词的基本用法who指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语whom指人，在从句中作宾语whose指人或物，在从句中作定语that指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语as指人、物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语when指时间，在从句中作时间状语where指地点，在从句中作地点状语why指原因，在从句中作原因状语（1）Theman(whom/who/that)mymothersawinthestreetismyteacher.（2）Thebookwhich/thattellsusabouttheearthisinteresting.（3）Shelivesinahousewhosewindowsfacessouth.关系代词关系副词（4）DoyouknowtheboywhosefatherisanEnglishteacher?（5）Ihaveneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.（6）I’llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIjoinedthearmy.（7）Iwon’tforgetthefactorywhere/inwhichmyfatherworked.（8）Tellmethereasonwhyyoucamelate.二、必须用“that”引导的定语从句1、当先行词是不定代词all，little,few,much,anything,everything,none,nothing,noone,some等时。Hedideverythingthathecouldtohelpus.2、先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,theright,last,few,just等修饰时。Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.4、当先行时前有such或thesame修饰时，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。Sheiswearingthesamedressthatsheworeyesterday.5、先行词既有人又有物时，Latertheytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.6、当主句是以who或which开始时的特殊疑问句时，Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?7、在同一个句子里，若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用了which，另一个宜用that.Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.8、当关系代词在从句中作表语时。（只限于限制性定语从句中）Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.9、当先行词是集体名词时，多用that，Hewantstojointheteamthatwonthegame.10、that在有些句型中可作为关系副词，且可省略。Idon’tliketheway(that)hetalkstome.三、只用which不用that时情况1、引导非限制性定语从句时：Brucewenttowardthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.2、先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunlived.3、先行词本身是that时：What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?4、先行词后有插入语时，HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asI’vetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.5、which用作表语，指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特性、品质或才能的人。Heisanengineer,whichIamnot。关系代as：在限制性定语从句中用在such,thesame,as,so之后，as引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。Ihavethesamebookasyou（have）.Takeasmanyasyouwant.Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.Thisissuchabookaswasgiventome.四、关系代词的省略情况1、关系代在从句中作宾语时。Haveyoureceivedthebook(that)Isentyoulastweek?2、关系代词在从句中作表语时。Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.3、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而这个介词又在句末时。Thisistheartist(whom)Ispoketoyouabout.注意：关系代词的省略是指在限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。五、带介词的定语从句1、固定词组，介词置于后，关系代词使用灵活。Thisisthechild(whom/who/that)sheislookingafter.2、非固定词组，介词位置灵活，关系代词使用严格。Theman(whom/who/that)Ispoketoisafriendofmine.ThemantowhomIspokeisafriendofmine.3、介词词组（关系代词远离先行词）Infrontof,ontopof,atthefootof,withthehelpof,asaresultof.Westandinabuildinginfrontofwhichstandsalab.Wearrivedatahill,ontopofwhichstoodatower.4、代词/数词+of+关系代词Hehaswrittenmanybooks,mostofwhichareforchildren.Wehavemanystudents,twoofwhomhavewonprizesofinternationalcompetitions.5、介词+whose修饰后面的名词：HeistheverymaninwhosepocketIfoundmylostmoney.六、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别·限制性定语从句对先行词起限制确定作用。如果没有它，主句的意思就不完整，这种定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，在口语中前后没有停顿。Heisthemanwhosefatherdiedlastweek.ThatisthereasonwhyIdidn’topenthedoor.·非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起描述或补充说明的作用，省略后也不影响全句的意思，非限制性定语从句可以修饰名词、代词、短语、主句的一部分或全句，它和主句之间常用逗号隔开，朗读时前后有停顿。IliveinBeijingwheremyparentsworkedtenyearsago.Hissister,whoworksinWuHan,iscomingtoseehimtomorrow.七、as引导非限制性定语从句与which的区别1、用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as和which可以换用。Helefther,as/whichwasstrange.2、as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。Aseveryoneknows,TomisgoodatEnglish.Theearth,asweknow,movesroundthesun.3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as作主语。asissaid/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/disused等。Asisknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.4、as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用as:asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样asisknowntoall众所周知asisoftenthecase情况常常如此asmaybeimagined这可以想象得出asismentionedabove正如上面所提到的ashasbeensaidbefore/above如上所述aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样ashasbeenpointedout正如已经指出的那样asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样5、which引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。Thedecisionwaspostponed,whichwasexactlywhathewanted.6、which引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。Thefootballmatch,whichIwatchedyesterday,isveryinteresting.7、which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语带有宾语，有的还带宾语补足语。Afterthatthingsimproved,whichastonishedme.Waterchangesintosteam,whichisknowntobeaphysicalchange.8、which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句意思可与主句相反，即从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。HecanwritealetterinEnglish,whichIcannot.Hewasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.八、定语从句运用中的注意点1、是用theone还是用that,which,where.（1）Isthisschool_______youstudyin?（2）Isthistheschool______youstudyin?（3）Isthistheschool_______youstudy?（4）Isthisschool______isaseniorone?A.that/whichB.whereC.theoneD.theonewhereE.theonethat/which遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用theone的形式，接着再看theone在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用theonewhere，若作主语或宾语时，则用theone(that/which)2、是用when还是用that,which（1）May1istheday______wespenttogether.（2）May1istheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.that/whichB.when当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用when,若作主语或宾语时，就用that/which.3、定语从句与强调结构的区别（1）Itwasinthishouse______hewasborn.（2）Itwasthishouse______hewasborn.（3）Itwasinthehouse________heusedtolivethattheexhibitionwasheld..A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉itis/was…that,若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。4、定语从句与其他从句的区别（1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点