生理心理学课件-第13章人类的交流

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1Copyright©Allyn&Bacon2005113Chapter13HumanCommunicationCopyright©Allyn&Bacon20052RogerSperry(1964)19812Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20053Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200543Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20055Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200564Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20057Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20058Lateralizationoffunction••5Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20059Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200510E6Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200511“”“”Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200512(b)..7Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200513‰;‰()‰Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200514‰‰‰“·”“”“”‰8Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200515F.1.2.3.4.Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200516Planumtemporale5-109Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200517Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20051810Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200519?Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20052011Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200521Copyright©Allyn&Bacon2005221.95(70)6512Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200523‰‰‰(‰‰Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200524ƒƒƒƒƒ⇒ƒ100%13Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200525WADATEST()Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200526214Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200527Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20052815Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200529Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20053016Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200531Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200532()()17Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200533MagneticSourceImaging()1.PET2.MRI3.MSI()=MEG()+MRICopyright©Allyn&Bacon200534Lateralization‰ƒƒ‰ƒ18Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200535‰ƒƒ‰‰ƒƒ‰ƒƒCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200536‰1.--2.16‰19Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200537Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200538Soundsystems.Thehumanupperrespiratorytractmadespeechpossibleasthehighlarynxseeninspecieslikethechimp(left)dropped,creatinganexpandedpharynx(red).BiologyandHumanSpeech20Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200539‰Criticalperiodvs.SensitiveperiodƒƒƒCopyright©Allyn&Bacon20054021Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200541Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20054222Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200543Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200544:23Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200545‰ƒ‰‰ƒ•WadaƒCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200546‰SpeechProductionandComprehension:ƒCerebraldominance:•90%ƒCerebrovascularaccident•ƒSpeechproduction••24Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200547SpeechDisorders‰Aphasia(ƒ••ƒ•••ƒCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200548Broca’sAphasia‰‰•()•ƒ(a,the,in,about)‰ƒAgrammatism:(e.g.-ed)ƒAnomia:ƒDifficultywithwordarticulation25Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200549Broca’saphasia1.:ƒƒƒ•–ed–ing/2.:•;3.:ƒƒCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200550‰SpeechProductionandComprehension:BrainMechanismsƒFunctionword•Apreposition,article,orotherwordthatconveyslittleofthemeaningofasentencebutisimportantinspecifyingitsgrammaticalstructure.ƒContentword•Anoun,verb,adjective,oradverbthatconveysmeaning.26Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200551‰SpeechProductionandComprehension:BrainMechanismsƒBroca’sarea••Broca’s•••Broca’s:…•Broca’smotorcortexCopyright©Allyn&Bacon20055227Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200553Broca’spatient:“Tan”Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200554BrainRegionsInvolvedinSpeechProduction/ComprehensionSpeechProduction:SpeechComprehension28Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200555Broca’sWernicke’sAscenefromfamilylifein1950’s“............”29Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200557Copyright©Allyn&Bacon2004Pointtothepicturethatshowsthehorsekickingthecow…(Broca’saphasicscan’tdoit)Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200558Broca’s‰‰Broca’sƒ30Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200559‰Broca’saphasiaƒmotorƒƒfrontalcortexCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200560ApraxiaofSpeech‰motorƒ‰ƒƒ100%31Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200561Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200562(a)25(b)19ApraxiaofSpeech32Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200563‰SpeechProductionandComprehension:BrainMechanismsƒSpeechcomprehensionƒWernicke’sarea•Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200564Wernicke’sAphasia33Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200565Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200566‰(Wernicke’sarea)‰‰ƒ⇒ƒƒWernicke’sareaƒƒƒƒ34Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200567Wernicke’sAphasia‰ƒ••p.315••‰ƒCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200568Wernicke’saphasia35Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200569PureWordDeafness‰ƒƒƒCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200570PET‰‰()36Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200571‰SpeechProductionandComprehensionPureworddeafness:Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200572‰‰‰ƒƒƒƒ37Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200573Transcorticalsensoryaphasia‰‰‰recognize/ƒƒCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200574PosteriorLanguageArea38Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200575Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200576“”---39Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200577‰ƒƒƒ‰ƒƒvs.ƒAutotopagnosiaCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200578ConductionAphasia‰Wernicke’sBroca’sareaƒ()ƒ‰ƒ(ƒƒ‰posteriorlanguageareaBroca’sarea40Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200579Arcuatefasciculus‰conductionaphasiaArcuatefasciculus:AbundleofaxonsthatconnectsWernicke’sareawithBroca’sarea;damagetotheseaxonscausesconductionaphasia.Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200580ArcuateFasciculus:MajorassociationfibertractinCNSconnectsBroca’sandWernicke’sareas41Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200581Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200582‰SpeechProductionandComprehension:BrainMechanismsƒMemoryofwords:anomicaphasiaƒAnomicaphasia•ƒCircumlocution•42Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200583‰AnomicAphasiaƒƒPureanomicƒ‰ƒƒƒƒWernicke’sareaCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200584‰AnomicAphasiaƒƒ‰ƒƒ‰ƒƒPET43Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200585Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200586visualassociationpremotorarea44Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200587Broca’saphasiaWernicke’saphasiaStrokeatBroca’sandWernicke’sareasCopyright©Allyn&Bacon20058845Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200589‰ƒƒ‰ƒ65%ƒ20%ƒ15%‰Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200590Prosody‰•(statements)•••ƒƒ••46Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200591Insulaisactiveonrightfortones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