1Copyright©Allyn&Bacon2005113Chapter13HumanCommunicationCopyright©Allyn&Bacon20052RogerSperry(1964)19812Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20053Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200543Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20055Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200564Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20057Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20058Lateralizationoffunction••5Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20059Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200510E6Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200511“”“”Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200512(b)..7Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200513;()Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200514“·”“”“”8Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200515F.1.2.3.4.Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200516Planumtemporale5-109Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200517Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20051810Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200519?Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20052011Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200521Copyright©Allyn&Bacon2005221.95(70)6512Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200523(Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200524⇒100%13Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200525WADATEST()Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200526214Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200527Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20052815Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200529Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20053016Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200531Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200532()()17Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200533MagneticSourceImaging()1.PET2.MRI3.MSI()=MEG()+MRICopyright©Allyn&Bacon200534Lateralization18Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200535Copyright©Allyn&Bacon2005361.--2.1619Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200537Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200538Soundsystems.Thehumanupperrespiratorytractmadespeechpossibleasthehighlarynxseeninspecieslikethechimp(left)dropped,creatinganexpandedpharynx(red).BiologyandHumanSpeech20Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200539Criticalperiodvs.SensitiveperiodCopyright©Allyn&Bacon20054021Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200541Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20054222Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200543Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200544:23Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200545•WadaCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200546SpeechProductionandComprehension:Cerebraldominance:•90%Cerebrovascularaccident•Speechproduction••24Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200547SpeechDisordersAphasia(•••••Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200548Broca’sAphasia•()•(a,the,in,about)Agrammatism:(e.g.-ed)Anomia:Difficultywithwordarticulation25Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200549Broca’saphasia1.:•–ed–ing/2.:•;3.:Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200550SpeechProductionandComprehension:BrainMechanismsFunctionword•Apreposition,article,orotherwordthatconveyslittleofthemeaningofasentencebutisimportantinspecifyingitsgrammaticalstructure.Contentword•Anoun,verb,adjective,oradverbthatconveysmeaning.26Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200551SpeechProductionandComprehension:BrainMechanismsBroca’sarea••Broca’s•••Broca’s:…•Broca’smotorcortexCopyright©Allyn&Bacon20055227Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200553Broca’spatient:“Tan”Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200554BrainRegionsInvolvedinSpeechProduction/ComprehensionSpeechProduction:SpeechComprehension28Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200555Broca’sWernicke’sAscenefromfamilylifein1950’s“............”29Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200557Copyright©Allyn&Bacon2004Pointtothepicturethatshowsthehorsekickingthecow…(Broca’saphasicscan’tdoit)Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200558Broca’sBroca’s30Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200559Broca’saphasiamotorfrontalcortexCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200560ApraxiaofSpeechmotor100%31Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200561Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200562(a)25(b)19ApraxiaofSpeech32Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200563SpeechProductionandComprehension:BrainMechanismsSpeechcomprehensionWernicke’sarea•Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200564Wernicke’sAphasia33Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200565Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200566(Wernicke’sarea)⇒Wernicke’sarea34Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200567Wernicke’sAphasia••p.315••Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200568Wernicke’saphasia35Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200569PureWordDeafnessCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200570PET()36Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200571SpeechProductionandComprehensionPureworddeafness:Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20057237Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200573Transcorticalsensoryaphasiarecognize/Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200574PosteriorLanguageArea38Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200575Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200576“”---39Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200577vs.AutotopagnosiaCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200578ConductionAphasiaWernicke’sBroca’sarea()(posteriorlanguageareaBroca’sarea40Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200579ArcuatefasciculusconductionaphasiaArcuatefasciculus:AbundleofaxonsthatconnectsWernicke’sareawithBroca’sarea;damagetotheseaxonscausesconductionaphasia.Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200580ArcuateFasciculus:MajorassociationfibertractinCNSconnectsBroca’sandWernicke’sareas41Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200581Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200582SpeechProductionandComprehension:BrainMechanismsMemoryofwords:anomicaphasiaAnomicaphasia•Circumlocution•42Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200583AnomicAphasiaPureanomicWernicke’sareaCopyright©Allyn&Bacon200584AnomicAphasiaPET43Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200585Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200586visualassociationpremotorarea44Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200587Broca’saphasiaWernicke’saphasiaStrokeatBroca’sandWernicke’sareasCopyright©Allyn&Bacon20058845Copyright©Allyn&Bacon20058965%20%15%Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200590Prosody•(statements)•••••46Copyright©Allyn&Bacon200591Insulaisactiveonrightfortones