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二级笔译改革开放30多年来，西藏通过深化改革和扩大开放积极推动全区商业、对外贸易和旅游产业加快发展，不仅增强了与内地的交流，同时也加强了与世界的联系和合作。Overthepast30-oddyears,Tibethasbeencommittedtodeepeningreformandopeningupasawaytoexpeditethedevelopmentofcommerce,foreigntradeandtourismacrosstheregion.Asaresult,wehaveseenclosercommunicationbetweenTibetandotherpartsofthecountryandmoreactiveengagementandcooperationbetweentheregionandtheoutsideworld.1993年，西藏与全国一道开始建立“框架一致、体制衔接”的社会主义市场经济体制，深化物资、粮食、日用消费品等领域价格流通改革并全面进入市场。Backin1993,Tibetjoinedtherestofthecountrytointroducethesocialistmarketeconomythatisconsistentinframeworkandsystemacrossthecountry.Tibetworkedtodeepenthereformofpricingandcirculationalongthelinesofproductionessentials,grainanddailynecessitiesandembracedmarketforceacrosstheboard.目前，西藏已经深深融入全国统一的市场体系，来自全国和世界各地的商品源源不断地进入西藏，丰富着城乡市场和百姓生活。西藏的名、优、特产品及民族手工业产品，大量进入全国市场。Atthemoment,Tibethasbeenintegratedwellintotheunifiedmarketsystemofthecountry,andanendlessstreamofgoodsfromtherestofthecountryandbeyondareswarmingintotheregion.Asaresult,urbanandruralmarketsintheregionhavebeenmademorediverseandpeople’slivesenriched.Ontheotherhand,well-known,premiumandspecialproductsaswellasethnicallystyledhandicraftsTibethastoofferaremakingmassiveforays/inroadsintootherpartsofthecountry.西藏与世界的经济联系日益密切。2012年，全区进出口总额为34.24亿美元，是1953年0.04亿美元的850多倍，年均增长12.1％。Tibetenjoysanincreasinglycloseeconomictiewiththeoutsideworld.In2012,TibetrecordedUS$3.424billionintotalimportandexportvolume,whichrepresentedanincreaseofover850foldsfrom1953whenthefigurestoodatamereUS$4million,upby12.1%annuallyonaverage.截至2012年底，西藏实际利用外资4.7亿美元。西藏立足区位优势，加强与印度、尼泊尔等周边国家的友好合作，实施面向南亚的陆路贸易大通道建设，建设吉隆、樟木、亚东、普兰和日屋口岸，大力发展边境贸易。Asoftheendof2012,TibetregisteredUS$470millioninpaid-inforeigninvestment.TibetleveragesitsgeographicaladvantagetobeefupfriendlycooperationwithIndia,Nepalandotherneighboringcountries.OverlandtradepassagelinkingTibetwithSouthAsiahasbeenputinplace,withtradingportsopenedinGyirong,Zhangmu,Yatung,PulanandRiwutofacilitatebordertrade.官方译文：Overthepast30yearsormore,throughreformandopeningup,Tibethasbeenproactivelypromotingcommerce,foreigntradeandtourism.IthasincreasedexchangeswithotherpartsofChinaaswellascommunicationandcooperationwithforeigncountries.In1993Tibetbegantodevelopthesocialistmarketeconomywiththerestofthecountry,developingintoanewsystemwithinthesameframework.Reformshavebeencarriedoutinthepricingandcirculationofgoodsandmaterials,grains,andconsumergoods,allofwhichhaveenteredthemarketsystem.CurrentlyTibetisincorporatedintothenationalmarketsystem.CommoditiesfromalloverthenationandacrosstheworldkeepflowingintoTibet,enrichingtheurbanandruralmarketsaswellasthelivesofthepeople.Atthesametime,well-knownandqualityproductswithlocalcharacteristicsandfolkhandcraftsaretransportedtootherpartsofthecountryinlargequantities.Economically,Tibetisnowmoreandmorecloselylinkedtotheworld.In2012thetotalvolumeofitsforeigntradereached3.424billionU.S.dollars,morethan850timesthatof1953,whichstoodat4millionU.S.dollars,withanannualgrowthrateof12.1percent.Bytheendof2012actualizedforeigninvestmentinTibetwas470millionU.S.dollars.Takingadvantageofitsgeographicalposition,TibetisstrengtheningfriendlycooperationwithIndia,Nepalandotherneighboringcountries.Topromotebordertrade,itisbuildingacommoditypassagewaytoSouthAsiaviathelandroute,andhasbuilttradingcentersinsuchportcitiesasGyirong,Zhangmu,Yatung,PulanandRiwu.2.糟糕的天气和频发的自然灾害让全球深受其害。Nastyweathereventsandfrequentnaturalcalamitiesareexactingaheavytollontheplanet.去年冬天至今，俄罗斯人先是经历冬天的严寒，随后是春旱和火灾，如今旱涝齐至；美国科罗拉多州等西部地区山火连绵不绝，各地骄阳似火、道路开裂、民众叫苦，同高温天气有关的死亡案例达到74例。Fromlastwintertodate,Russianshavelivedthroughfreezingwintercold,whichwasfollowedbyspringdroughtandwildfires,andarenowstrugglingwithamixofdroughtsandflooding.Duringthesameperiod,westernpartsofAmerica,includingColorado,havebeeninthegripsofincessantwildfiresandtorturedbyscorchingheat,resultinginroadcracksandamiserablelifeforthepeople.Heatwave-inducedfatalitieshaverisento74.事实上，人类正处于极端天气的适应期，炎热的酷暑、狂暴的飓风、刺骨的严寒以及滔天的洪水近乎成了“常客”，风调雨顺已被视为“奢侈品”。这样的情况下，未雨绸缪才能处变不惊。Humankindispracticallyinthemiddleofadaptingtoextremeweatherpatterns,asevidencedbynotuncommoneventsofhorrendousheatwaves,ferocioushurricanes,icycoldandfloodsfromgiantdeluges.Withfavorableweathernowseenasa“luxury”,preparednessisessentialtobuildingresilientcommunities.目前在全球范围内均出现洪水和热浪齐袭的气候乱象。气象学家对此众说纷纭，莫衷一是。有的说是全球变暖所致，有的说是大气环流异常，还有的认为厄尔尼诺是罪魁祸首。Currentlyfloodsandheatwavesarejoiningforcestoravagecommunitiesacrosstheworld.Meteorologistsremaindividedoverwhathascontributedtotheseunusualclimatictrends.Whilesomearguethatglobalwarmingistoblame,somecontendthatabnormalatmosphericcirculationisresponsible,andstillsomeothersciteElNiñoastheprincipalfactorbehindtheseextremeweatherevents.二笔英汉EarlyMaoriadaptedthetropicallybasedeastPolynesiancultureinlinewiththechallengesassociatedwithalargerandmorediverseenvironment,eventuallydevelopingtheirowndistinctiveculture.早期的毛利人为应对更广阔、多元的环境所带来的挑战，对根植于热带环境中的东波利尼西亚文化进行了调整，最终形成了独具特色的毛利文化。TheBritishandIrishimmigrantsbroughtaspectsoftheirownculturetoNewZealandandalsoinfluencedMaoriculture.Morerecentl