Linux操作系统基础教程

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LinuxUnixUNIX1971AT&T7370AT&TUnixUnixSystemLabUSLUnix1983SYSTEMVUNIX7UNIXUNIXCAT&T197419828AT&TAT&TUNIXBSDBerkeleySoftwareDistributionUNIX7.0UNIXBSD19771BSD2BSDPDP114BSDVAX904.4FreeBSDBSDUnixTCP/IPUNIX90BSDAT&TBSD93NovellUnix(USL)BSDUnixAT&T10%199514.4BSDLiteFreeBSD2.0LinuxCSRG4.4BSD-lite2UnixFreeBSDCSRG1992BSD4.4BSDBSDOpenBSDNetBSDFreeBSDBSDIMINIX1987VrijeAndrewTanenbaumUNIX7IntelX86UNIXMINIXmini-UNIXMINIXAT&TMINIX2.0.4[Nov-9-2003]Linux1991LinusTorvaldsMINIXMINIXUNIXMINIXLinuxLinuxTanenbaumMINIXGPLLinux1994LinuxSlackware1996NISTLinux1.2.13POSIXLinuxLinux2.6.1[Jan-9-2004]RedHatMandrakeLycorisXenixSCOUnixSantaCruzOperationSCOUNIX1980MicrosoftUNIXPCXENIXSCOSCOAT&TSCOOpenServerSCOOpenServer5.0.7[Feb-21-2003]1993AT&TUNIXNowellUnixWare1995NowellSCOSCOUNIXSCOUnixWare72001LinuxCalderaSCOSCOUnix2002826CalderaSCOSCOLinuxUnixWareUnixWare7.1.3[Nov-21-2002]2003SCOLinuxITSolarisSunMicrosystemsSunOSBSD1993AT&TUNIXSystemVSolaris.SystemVrelease4UNIXSystemVBSDSolarisSunSPARCx86SoftwareExpressforSolaris(12/03)[Dec-3-2003],POSIXUNIX1990ISOISO/IEC9945-1-1990POSIXPOSIX.1UNIXNovellUnixUnixwareUnixUnixX/OpenUnixUnix95NovellUnixwareSCOUnixSystemVBSDUnixLinuxGNUGNUFSFFreeSoftFoundationGNU“GNU'sNotUNIX”(GNUisarecursiveacronymfor“GNU'sNotUNIX”;itispronounced“guh-noo.”)GUNRichardStallman1984UNIXGNUUNIXHurdLinuxGNU1987611GNUgccGUNCopyleftGPLGeneralPublicLicenseGPLGPLGPLLinux93GNUGPLLinux1990LinusTorvaldsMINIX1991LinusTorvaldsMINIX1991LinusTorvaldsUsenetLinux1993Linux1.0LinuxGPL1994LinuxSlackware1996Linux1.2.13OpenLinuxPOSIX1999Linux2001Linux2.42003Linux2.6LinuxLinuGNULinuxLinux(Kernel)(Distribution)major.minor.patchlevel..Kernel2.4.20LinuxGUILinuxgnomeKDEgnome(GNU'sNetworkObjectEnvironment)GNUGnome[n[um],,KDEKDesktopEnvironmentGnomeKDEX-WindowWindowsUnixUnixX-WindowX-WindowLinuxX-Window84(MIT)W8711X11X(TheXConsortium)LinuxLinuxCPULinuxLinux2000.1235.00(X86)LinuxLinuxLinux9RedhatLinux8.0\\boot100MLinux\swapLinuxLinuxhda1••hdIDEsdSCSIfd••1-45LinuxxLinuxLinuxLILO(theLInuxLOader)Grub(GRandUnifiedBootloader)Redhat7.2(lilo;grub,,)•MBRMainBootRecord•LinuxMBR000Linux/boot/grub/grub.confgrub/etc/lilo.conflilo(grubLILOmd5)LinuxLinuxHTTPFTPNFS••LinuxLAN•LinuxISOLinuxDOSWinISOCD1DOSDOSUTILSAUTOBOOT.BATrawrite.exebootdisk.imgdrvnet.imgDOSUTILSIMAGESCD1DOSUTILSRAWRITE.EXE..\images\bootdisk.imgaRAWRITE.EXE..\images\drvnet.imgaFTPLinuxLinux5GPartitionMagicPro7.0rootLinuxCD/opt/mntisomount-tiso9660-oloop/opt/RedhatLinux9.0CD.ISO/mnt/iso/mnt/isoCDautorunRedhatLinux9.0CDFTPHTTPgnomeKDEswitchdeskGNONEswitchdeskKDE(switchdesk)LinuxdmsgLinuxLinuxLinuxShellShell•root#•$X-Windowz3Shell[z3@localhostz3]$z3WindowsLinuxLinuxlogoutexitctrl+drootinit0init6shutdown–hnowshutdown–cshutdown+1010shutdown–r+1010shutdown–rnowreboot(/etc/inittabca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown–t3–rnowctrl+alt+del)Linux(TTY1-TTY6)X-windowctrl+alt+Fnctrl+alt+F1ctrl+alt+F6TTY1TTY6ctrl+alt+F7X-window(TTYTeleTYpe)write[][]writeEOFctrl+DwriteRedhatLinux9.0ctrl+Dwall[]wallwriteallwallwalltalkwritetalkdmesg[ny]mesgnwritemesgywritewritemesgnl4write:l4messagesdisabledwho$whoz3tty1Dec1114:47root:0Dec1114:45l4pts/0Dec1115:08(202.207.30.131)rootpts/1Dec1115:08(:0.0)zsDec1114:471rootDec1114:45X0l4Dec1115:08(202.207.30.131)pts/0rootDec1115:08X-Window(:0.0)pts/1ttyteletypeLinux5z3l4mkdirmkdirm5m5mkdir/home/t1/homet1Unix/\cdcd/home/t1/home/t1cdmycmyccd....cd//cdcd~cd-pwdprintworkingdirectorycpcp/etc/passwda.txt/etcpasswda.txtcp/etc/passwd./etcpasswdcp–r/home/z3//home/z3rmrma.txta.txtrm-rm5M5-frm–rfm5touchlslistdirectroycontentls-a.-l-iinode-d-R(Recursive)ls–l11(drwxr-xr-x5rootroot1024sep1303:27Desktop-rwxr-xr-x2rootroot737oct718:42a.txtds-pblcfile9-ls*lshd*hdlstt[…]lsa[136]a1a3a6[.-.]lsa[b-e]abacadae[^…]lshda[^b-d]hdabhdachdad{……}lsa{a1,b2,c3}aa1,ab2,ac3ls/etc/DIR_COLORSkkkls–lkkkls–lk*kkkkkk-dls–ldkkkLinux/bin/usr/bin/sbinshutdown/usr/sbin/root/mnt/mnt/cdrom/./boot/lost+foundfsck/lib/bin//sbin//usr/lib//devservicekudzustart/etc/varvariable/usr/proc/etc/rc.d/tmp//home/optoptionalLinuxinodeinodelncd/rootcp/etc/passwd.ln/root/passwd/root/passwd.2ls–l2ls–ipasswdpasswd.2inodeinodeinode300302304306301302300301302303304305306307-slnln–spasswdpasswd.2ls–lpasswd.2passwdpasswd.2passwdmvLinuxmvmvmvpasswd.2passwd.bls–iinodemantopiclsmanlsmankillshellman–t2kill--helpls--help•DOS/WindowsABCLinux(Linux//boot/swap)•••Linux/mnt/mnt•root•/etc/fstab•gnomeKDE•mountmount[-t][][]ext2:Linuxext2msdos:MS-DOSFATvfat:Win95/98VFATnfs:iso9660:CD-ROMntfs:WindowsNTauto:•umountumountumount/mnt/cdromumount/dev/cdromCD-ROMmount/dev/cdrom/mnt/cdromumount/mnt/cdrom(-tiso9660-tauto)mount-tauto/dev/fd0/mnt/floppymount/dev/fd0/mnt/floppymount/mnt/floppyumount/mnt/floppyUSBmount-tvfat/dev/sda1/mnt/usbumount/mnt/usbLinuxUSBSCSI/mntusbfdisk–l/dev/sd?UDOS/Windowsfdisk–l/dev/hd?DOS/WindowsWindowsCDhda1hda5Dmount-tauto/dev/hda5/mnt/dumount/mnt/d/mnt/ddosmount-tauto–oiocharset=gb2312/dev/hda5/mnt/d/mnt/dmount–tvfat–ouser,rw,exec,,umask-000/dev/hda5/mnt/dDOSchmoda=rwx/mnt/diso9660/mntiso;a.iso/optmount-tiso9660-oloop/opt/a.iso/mnt/isoumount/mnt/iso/mnt

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