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第1页共8页非谓语动词考纲新研读1.非谓语动词的形式(以动词do为例)动词不定式动词的-ing形式动词过去分词一般式tododoingdone一般被动式tobedonebeingdone完成式tohavedonehavingdone完成被动式tohavebeendonehavingbeendone进行式tobedoing完成进行式tohavebeendoing2.非谓语动词在句子中的作用主语宾语表语定语状语补语动词不定式√√√√√√动词的-ing形式√√√√√√动词过去分词√√√√√√3.非谓语动词的用法动词不定式(1)用作主语:Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.(2)用作宾语:Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Doyouthinkitnecessarytogothere?(3)用作表语:第2页共8页Allshewoulddowastogohome.(4)用作宾补:Iwarnedtheboynottobelateagain.Hesawherleavethehouse.Shewasseentoleavethehouse.Heoftenhelpsme(to)learnEnglish.Withnoonetohelphim,hecan’tdoit.Withsomanyproblemstosettle,themanagercan’tleaveforholidays.【注意】用于不带to的不定式作宾补的的动词有:feel,hear,see,notice,observe,watch,listento,lookat,have,make,let等。但变为被动语态时需要带to。例如:Inoticedherentertheoffice.Weheardhimsingeveryday.Santa’sfathermadeherpromisethatshewouldn’twritetomeorsendmeanyword.(5)用作定语:Ihavenothingtowrite(towriteon/towritewith).Iwasthefirsttocometoschool.Wehavenotimetothinkaboutrest.(6)用作状语:常表示原因、结果、条件、目的等。Hestoppedtotalktoanoldman.(目的)Irushedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainalreadygone.(结果)Hewashappytohearthenews.(原因)另外:inorderto;soasto引导目的状语,“为了,以便”;so...asto引导结果状语,“太……以致……”。(7)用在疑问词后面,如whattodo,构成不定式复合结构,相当于名词,作主语、宾语和表语。例如:Thequestioniswheretogetacomputer.(表语)Ireallydon’tknowwhattodo.(宾语)Howtogetridofthepollutionisstillaproblem.(主语)【注意】不定式也有一定的时态和语态;有否定式、完成式、进行式、被动式等和自己的逻辑主语:(1)被动形式:Heaskedtobesenttothefront.(2)进行式:Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(3)完成式:Heissaidtohavegoneabroad.第3页共8页(4)否定式:(to)前加not:Hepretendednottohaveseenme.(5)不定式的逻辑主语有两种情况(用forsb.或ofsb.):It’shightimeforustoplanttrees.It’sverykindofyoutosayso.动词的过去分词(1)作定语及物动词的过去分词,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词,只表示完成。单个的分词作定语,放在它所修饰的词的前面;分词短语作定语,放在它所修饰的词的后面。例如:Abrokencupislyingonthefloor.Themeetingheldyesterdaywasveryimportant.(2)作表语:表状态,与句子主语是被动关系。例如:Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.(3)作状语动词的过去分词相当于副词,可以在句子中作状语,与句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系,两者往往是被动关系,即主语是过去分词动作的承受者。Seenfromspace,theearthlookslikeaball.ComparedwiththepeopleinIraq,wearemuchhappier.名词加过去分词,构成独立结构,用作状语。Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.(4)作宾补作宾语补足语的过去分词,大都来自及物动词。分词与宾语是被动关系。不及物动词的过去分词作宾补,与宾语是主动关系,表示动作已经发生。Isawthehousebrokeninto.Thereissomethingwrongwithmyradio.Iwillhaveitrepaired.Theemperororderedthecloth(tobe)wovenforhimatonce.Hecamein,withhishandstiedattheback.动词的-ing形式动词的-ing形式相当于名词、形容词、副词等,也保留了动词的某些特征。(1)作主语:Talkingiseasierthandoing.It’snousetalkingaboutit.(2)作宾语:第4页共8页Heisafraidofbeingscolded.Ifounditnousetalkingwithhim.有些动词后面只能接doing。如:admit,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,miss,mention,practice,risk,stop,suggest等。有些动词后面只能接todo。如:agree,decide,expect,hope,long(渴望),manage,plan,pretend,refuse,wish等。有些动词后面接doing和todo都可以,且意思差别细微,或看作没差别。如:begin,start,hate,like,love,continue,refer等;但另一类词差别很大。如:forget,remember,mean,try,regret等。还有goon;remindsb.ofdoingsth.(使人想起)和remindsb.todo(提醒)。另外,stopdoing停止干;stoptodo停下来去干某事,todo是目的状语。(3)作表语:Seeingisbelieving.Thestoryismoving/exciting/interesting.(4)作宾补:Isawthemcomingacrosstheroad.Theyhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.(5)作定语:Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(6)作状语:Beingill,shewenthome.Havingfinishedtheirhomework,theyhadarest.Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.【注意】1.动词-ing形式的逻辑主语有三种形式:(1)doing前加物主代词。如:mydoing;(2)doing前加名词所有格。如:Tom’sdoing;(3)作宾语时doing前可加人称代词宾格。如:medoing。例如:Mary’scominglatemadeMr.Smithangry.Shedidn’tmindhis(him)crying.2.否定式在其前面加not;完成式havingdone;被动式beingdone。例如:Notknowingwhattodo,heturnedtohisteacherforhelp.Havingfinishedtheirhomework,theywatchedTV.Hehadhopedtotakehisseatwithoutbeingseen.第5页共8页3.独立结构:Weatherpermitting(Ifweatherpermits),we’llhaveasportsmeetnextweek.Weatherbeingsofine(Asweatherissofine),wehavedecidedtogoonanouting.Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalkhome.4.with复合结构:Theyslept,withthelightsburning.高考新剖析1.Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit_________.[2009年高考湖南卷]A.reusingB.reusedC.reusesD.tobereused2.SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,__________reduceunemploymentpressures.[2009年高考江苏卷]A.helpB.tohavehelpedC.tohelpD.havinghelpedDC3.Distinguishedguestsandfriends,welcometoourschool.__________theceremonyofthe50thAnniversarythismorningareouralumni(校友)fromhomeandabroad.[2009年高考江苏卷]A.AttendB.ToattendC.AttendingD.Havingattended4.Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic__________smoothly.[2009年高考全国卷Ⅱ]A.beingrunB.runC.torunD.running5.Nowthatwe’vediscussedourproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions_________?[2009年高考全国卷Ⅰ]A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake6.Ifthere’salotofwork_________,I’mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.[2008年高考上海卷]A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doingCDC第6页共8页A7.Ifeelgreatlyhonored__________intotheirsociety.[2008年高考北京卷]A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed8.Somethingassimpleas__________somecoldwatermayclearyourmindandrelievepressure.[2008年高考上海卷]A.todrinkB.drinkingC.tobedrinkingD.drunk9.Mysister,aninexperiencedrider,wasfoundsittingonthebicycle__________
本文标题:2011年高考英语语法复习教案-非谓语动词
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