1词类名词形容词副词介词冠词数词代词连词

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一、名词1、含义:表示人、事物、地点、团体或抽象概念的名称的词,叫做名词。名词可以分为专有名词(ProperNouns)和普通名词(CommonNouns)。专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等;普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:1)个体名词(IndividualNouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。2)集体名词(CollectiveNouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。3)物质名词(MaterialNouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。4)抽象名词(AbstractNouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(CountableNouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(UncountableNouns)。2、可数名词1)可数名词可以受不定冠词a,an的修饰。Thisisabook.这是一本书。Passmeanegg,please.请递给我一个蛋。2.)可数名词可以受基数词的修饰。Therearefourpearsontheplate.盘子上有四个梨。3.)可数名词有复数形式。Whoarethosewomenunderthetree?树下那些女人是谁?Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?你们家有几口人?Idon'tlikepineapples.我不喜欢菠萝。4)可数名词的单数形式不能独立使用,必须有a,the,my等的修饰。Sheneverwearsahat.她从不戴帽子。(泛指)Becarefulofthedog.当心那条狗。(特指)That'sherbag.那是她的提包。5)复数名词可以独立使用,表示泛指。Horsesareusefulanimals.马是有用的动物。(泛指)6)可数名词改成复数形式(重点)①一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds②以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches③以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries④以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives⑤以o结尾,有生命的加es,无生命的加s.如:potato-potatoes.zoo-zoos⑥不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,sheep-sheeppeople-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,当people后加上s时即peoples表示“民族”例如Thereare56peoplesinChina.以下词为常为不可数名词,他们的复数形式就是他们本身。water(水)milk(牛奶)tea(茶)rice(米饭)orange(橙汁)juice(果汁)bread(面包)不可数名词的数量关系可借助量词表示,如。acupofteatwocupsoftea3、不可数名词不可数名词没有复数形式,我们也不用不定冠词a/an修饰他们。我们可以用某些量词修饰不可数名词:Hegavemesomeusefuladvice.Theygaveusalotofinformation.4、名词所有格我们用一个名词加“’s”表示所有者:Thisismyparents’house.Thoseareladies’shoes.Butweuse’swithotherpluralnouns:但是其他复数名词后面加“'s”表示共同所有:Thesearemen’sshoes.Children’sclothesareveryexpensive.名词复数练习题1).填入所给名词的正确形式1.Ihavetwo_____(knife)2.Therearemany_____here.(box)3.Therearemany_____ontheroad.(bus)4.Afew_____aredrawingonthewall.(boy)5.The_____areplayingfootballnow.(child)2)选择填空1.Theycomefromdifferent______A.countryB.countriesC.acountryD.countrys2.Howmany______doyouseeinthepicture?A.tomatosB.tomatoesC.tomatoD.thetomato3.Therearesome______inthese_______.A.knifes…pencil-boxesB.knives…pencils-boxC.knives…pencil-boxD.knives…pencils-boxes4.Thereisno______intheplate.A.applesB.orangesC.riceD.eggs5._______aregoodforourhealth.A.TomatosB.TomatoesC.Tomato6.Iliketoeatcakewith______.A.cherriesB.cherryC.cherrys7.______and______arenotfriends.A.Foxs…wolfsB.Foxes…wolfsC.Foxes…wolves8.Doyouwanttodrinkmuch?A、amilkB、milkC、milks9.Thisisroom.It’sverybig.A、LilyandLucy’sB、Lily’sandLucy’sC、Lily’sandLucy10.Doyouwantsomeforsupper?A、apotatoB、potatoesC、potatos11.Inautumn,youcanseealotofontheground.A、leafB、leafsC、leaves12.Mysisterhastwo.Oneisold,theotherisnew.A、awatchB、watchsC、watches13.Thereonthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphotoD.isphotos14.That’aartbook.A.anB.aC.theDare15.Theretwointhebox.A.iswatchB.arewatchesC.arewatchD.iswatches3)请用括号中名词的复数形式填空1.Lookatthose_______.(child)2.Icanseea__________standingnearthedoor.(policeman)3.Doyouwantsome________fordinner?(potato)4.Inautumn,youcanseealotof_______ontheground.(leaf)5.Hehastwo_______.Oneisblue,theotherisyellow.(box)6.Two________liveinthisbuilding.(family)4)选择正确的词形1.Howmany(radioes,radios)canyousee?2.Thereare36(boys,boies)inmyclass.3.Lookatthose(sheeps,sheep).4.Idon’twant(a,an)oldcup.5.Givemethat(box,boxes),please.5)将以下单复数句进行转换1.Thisisaknife.______________________________________2.Thatisatomato.______________________________________3.Thatchildisverygood._____________________________________4.Thesearemice.______________________________________5.Thosearechildren.______________________________________6)写出下列单词的复数I_________him_________this___________her______watch_______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________book_______dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____thief_______peach______sandwich______man______woman_______paper_______juice_____water________milk________rice__________tea_______二、数词1、表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。2、基数词1)基数词写法和读法:345threehundredandforty-five;2)基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:a.与of短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如scoresofpeople指许多人;b.在一些表示一排或一组的词组里;如:Theyarrivedintwosandthrees.他们三三两两的到达了。c.表示几十岁;d.表示年代,用in+the+数词复数;e.在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3x5=15Threefivesis(are)fifteen.3、序数词序数词的缩写形式:first---1stsecond---2ndthirty-first---31st基数词变序数词口诀:一,二,三,特殊记,词尾各是t,d,d.四加起th,八去t,九去e,y结尾改ie.ve结尾变为f,five,twelve是两兄弟。若是遇到几十几,只变各位就可以。数词的练习题①写出下列词的序数词形式。1.one2.two3.six4.five5.nine6.twelve7.eight8.twenty-one②写出下列单词的基数词形式。1.third2.fourth3.tenth4.twentieth5.nineteenth6.thirty-first选择题()1.Mycousin’sbirthdayinontheofOctober.A.threeB.firstC.thesecond()2.Whatdateisittoday?It’sofApril.A.twelfthB.the12thC.12th()3.Therearedaysinaweek.A.thesevenB.seventhC.theseventhD.seven()4.Sundayisthedayofaweek.A.oneB.firstC.second()5.Twenty-eightminus(减)sixis.A.thetwenty-secondB.twenty-twoC.twenty-second()6.Fourplus(加)istwelve.A.sevenB.eightC.nine三、冠词冠词是一种虚词,用在名词或名词词组的前面,表示名词是特指还是泛指。冠词可分为不定冠词和定冠词两种形式。不定冠词有a,an。定冠词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