虚拟与现实之间__网络文化的人类学新议

安徽大学硕士学位论文虚拟与现实之间--网络文化的人类学新议姓名：高仁渊申请学位级别：硕士专业：人类学指导教师：王邦虎2010-04II0136IIIIVAbstractTherapiddevelopmentofthetechnologyofcomputernetworkbringsabrandnewmeansofcommunicationandoperationalefficiencythattheworldhasneverseen.Scholarsdomesticandabroadhavebeenhavingpredictionsandoutlooksincethecreationofthetechnologyofnetwork.Withtheincreasingadvancementofit,theoreticalstudiesaboutnetworkemergesinswarm.Anthropologyisdefinedbysomescholarsasstudiesaboutallthehumanbiologicalcomplexitypastandpresentaswellasculturalcomplexity.Andcomputernetwork,beingtakenasanewplatformofinformationandcommunication,naturallystandsasafieldfilledwithculturalbreathandinevitablybecomesthestudyingobjectofculturalanthropology.Computernetworkmakesavirtualworld.Biologicalbeingsarethesubjectsthatcontrolthevirtualworld.Andbiologicalbeingsaretransformedintovirtualbeingswhoconstructbehaviors,faith,customsandsocialorganizationsthataredifferentfromthoseinrealisticlifethroughobjectsinnetworkandinfluenceofdifferentmedia.Thus,anewtypeofculturalpoweristakenshape—network-basedculture.Theauthorofthisthesiswillexplorethevirtualandrealisticelementsinnetwork-basedcultureaswellashowthebeings,existingbothinvirtualandrealisticworld,faceconflictsandintegrationfrom“thetwoworlds”anddoubleidentitiesthroughpracticalexamplesinnetwork.Thisthesiscontainssixchaptersincludingintroduction.Theauthorofthisthesisgenerallyanalyzesnetwork-basedcultureinfourparts.Thefirstpartdescribesthegerminalplaceofnetwork-basedculture—networkanditstechnologicalbasis.Nomatterwhatitis,networkorcomputer,theircircularordersarenothingbut0and1.Thisfeatureof“regularization”ofcomputerexertsimmenseandcovertinfluenceonalltheapplicationthatconcernscomputer.Networkisoneoftheapplications.Thesecondpartintroducesthenon-technicalresearchstatusofcomputernetworkinacademia.Theauthorpresentsresearchingresultsofdifferentsubjectsthroughthreeperspectives.Thethirdandforthchapter,basedonthesecondchapter,stressfullyintroducesthestudyofanthropologyinthefieldofnetwork-basedculture.AnthropologytookthecentralpositionintheinterdisciplinaryfieldinVthelatetwentiethcentury.Itdoesnotmakeanysenseifitwerenotdeeplyconcernedwiththepropositionofnetworkandculture,whichisconcernedaboutnaturalscience,humanitiesandsocialscience.Chapterthreeanalyzesvirtualandrealisticfeaturesofnetwork-basedculture,startingfromtheapplicationofnetworkinordertoobtainmoreinformationonnetwork-basedcultureitself.Partonetakesnetworkcommunityasanexampletoexplaintheindivisibleandmutuallyseparatedrelationbetweenvirtualityandreality.“AnyanXingkong”,whichincludes36members,istakenasacaseofanetworkcommunity.Anditwillbestudiedthroughtheanalyzingmethodofsocialnetwork.Thesecondpartdiscussesthepatternsofcommunicationoftheonlinesubjects.Theuseofonlinesymbolsisanimportantcomponentofnetwork-basedculture.Itsappearanceconformstotherequirementsofinformationandthedevelopmentoflanguage.Itisabreakthroughoftheformoflanguage.Besides,thefragment,indirectnessandanonymityofsymboliccommunicationentrapcommunicationintofacingnewproblems.Chapterfourmakesafurtherdiscussionontherelationshipbetweenvirtualityandreality.Partoneexploresthedialecticalrelationshipbetweenthesubjectandtheobject.Ontheinternet,thetraditionalunderstandingof“subject—object”inbipolarpositionisbrokenthrough.Throughtheestablishmentofthesystemoftheexchangeandfeedbackbetweenthesubjectandtheobject,thepastsinglecognitiverelationshipof“subject—object”turnstobemulti—levelandmulti—dimensioncognitiverelationship,whichcausesthemazebetweenvirtualityandreality.Parttwoelaboratesseparatelyoninterestsholderconcernedwithinformationeliteandthedialecticalrelationshipbetweeninterests’holderandrightsofnetwork.Theinequalityofrightsinnetworkinfluencesvirtualidentitywhichinturninfluencesindividualdecision—makinginrealisticworld.Thus,rightofnetworkismadeasthecommunicativebridgebetweenvirtualandrealisticworld.Chapterfivebrieflyintroducesotherelementsthatinfluencenetwork-basedculture.ThefocusisbyandlargeondigitaltechnologyandthesituationoftheuseofinternetinChina.Digitaltechnologyisselective.Itisnotsubjectivelyselective,butobjectivelyitcannotcoveralltheareasofhumanlives.Thosewhichareimprobabletobedigitalized,hardtobedigitalizedandconsideredtobebumtobedigitalizedareexcludedfromnetwork-basedculture.Fromtheperspectiveofnetwork,beingdigitalisthedirectreasonofseparatingVIvirtualityandreality.Chaptersixisthelastchapterofthispaper.Itsummarizesallfivechaptersabove,showsthewriter’sviewsandexpoundthatwhatrolethisresearchcanbeinmodernworld.KeyWords:network-basedculturevirtualityrealitysubjectobject12007202Feild2001663114problem-solving56Internet619951024(TheFederalNetworkingCouncilNFC):1(IP)2TCPIP)31PCPCVonNeumann2040EDVAC116071234560120ARPAAdvancedResearchProjectAgency196948NationalScienceFoundation,NSFCSNET106020901991NetworkCyberSpaceHowardRheingold1947-1993:19941997200091018198020082004311()AlfredKroeber18761960ClydeKluckhohn1905-1960Culture:ACriticalReviewofConceptsandDefinitions164Tylor.E.B1832-1917DavidPopenoe1932-12VR13141234WilburLangSchramm19071987