2011考前辅导.

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2011年高考英语考前辅导二、突破写作误区,巧做书面表达一、活用基础知识,巧做单项选择一活用基础知识巧做单项选择(一)基础知识考查要点1名词:考查的重点是名词单复数,名词辨义及名词搭配。如:Hegainedhis___byprinting___offamouswriters.A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works答案:D。分析:wealth为不可数名词。work作不可数名词,意为“工作”;作可数名词,意为“作品”、“著作”。2冠词和数词:考查的重点是冠词和数词的基本用法。如:Sheis___newcomerto___chemistrybutshehasalreadymadesomeimportantdiscoveries.A.the,theB.the,不填C.a,不填D.a,the答案:C。分析:newcomer是泛指,用不定冠词。学科名词chemistry,不用冠词。3代词:考查的重点是不定代词与物主代词的用法。如:---IsyourcameralikeBill'sandAnn's?---No.Butit'salmostthesameas___.A.herB.yoursC.themD.their答案:B。分析:此处比较的是camera,要用物主代词。形容词性物主代词只能作定语,空格后没有名词,所以要用名词性物主代词。4形容词和副词:考查的重点是形容词和副词的比较结构、词语辨异和系表结构。如:---Haveyoufinishedyourreportyet?---No,I'llfinishin___tenminutes.A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.less答案:A。分析:another后可接单数名词,也可跟few或带数词的复数名词表示“再、还”之意。5动词的时态和语态:在历年的高考中所占的比重最大。考查的重点是复合句中的动词形式,语态常与时态一起考查。如:---Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?---Notyet.Therooms___.A.arebeingpaintingB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainted答案:D。分析:先确定语态为被动,再确定时态为进行时。6情态动词:考查的重点是情态动词的基本用法、虚拟语气的意义与结构。如:---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.---It___acomfortablejourney.A.can'tbeB.shouldn'tbeC.mustn'thavebeenD.couldn'thavebeen答案:D。分析:此处谈论过去的情况,为对过去情况的否定性推测。7非谓语动词:在高考中的分数比重及题量逐步增加。考查的重点从及物动词后用不定式或动名词作宾语,转向非谓语动词的句法功能、时间概念、主动还是被动。如:CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered___thefirstcomputer.A.tohaveinventedB.inventingC.toinventD.havinginvented答案:A。分析:consider表示“思考”时,常用动名词短语作宾语。但此处consider表示“认为”,后接不定式复合结构。不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前,要用完成式来表示。8特殊句型:考查的重点是倒装、强调、感叹、否定转移、部分否定、反意问句以及省略和替代。如:Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver___howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didn'tthevillagersrealize答案:A。分析:否定词位于句首时,主句须倒装并且不能再出现not。9简单句、并列句和复合句:考查的重点连接词的用法。如:Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for答案:C。分析:it是形式主语,而真正的主语是空格后的整个句子。此处只有that能引导主语从句。10短语与搭配:考查的重点一般是动词短语辨义,以及介词与动词、形容词的搭配。如:Johnhasputonsomuchweightrecentlythathismotherhasto___allhistrouserstohismeasure.A.letoutB.giveawayC.bringinD.makeup答案:A。分析:letout表示“放大”。11交际用语:考查的重点是日常交际用语,一般是根据上下文情境来判断答语。如:A:MayItakeyourorder?B:I’dlikeacupofcoffeeandahotdog.Whataboutyou,Lisa?Lisa:___.A.ThesametomeB.Sameagain,pleaseC.It’sverykindofyouD.Thankyouallthesame.答案:B。分析:Sameagain,please.表示“同样的再来一份”。(二)单项选择解题技巧1利用上下语境。如:---WhereshallI___?---Atthenextstop.A.dropyouB.findyouC.pickyouupD.callonyou答案:A。分析:就第一句而言,四个选项都有意义。但是,答语Atthenextstop暗示:两个人说话时在一起。B、C、D都不能用于这一情境。2参照类似表达。如:---Whereareyougoingtodotheshopping?---Atthe___store.A.shoesB.shoeC.shoe’sD.shoes’答案:B。分析:想一下熟悉的thebookstore,此题就迎刃而解了。此题涉及名词作定语的用法,一般规则是:名词作定语用单数。但是,也不能形成定势:①有时也用复数,例如:aclothesshop,acommunicationssatellite,asalesdepartment等。②名词的所有格表达时间、距离和价值,例如:threedays’stay,astone’sthrow,tendollar’sworthofoil等。3避免思维定势。如:Theyoungmanspentasmuchtimeashe___overhislessons.A.wentB.wouldgoC.couldtogoD.couldgoing答案:D。分析:spend的句型是spend+time+doing。不要受Shedidwhatshecouldtohelphim.的影响。4分析句子成分。如:Theexcitingmomentwelookedforwardto___atlast.A.comingB.cameC.comeD.comes答案:B。分析:本句主语是Theexcitingmoment,welookedforwardto是个定语从句,前面的关系代词which被省略了。所选部分是谓语,不是lookforwardto的宾语。5分析句子结构。如:⑴___inthedoorway,everyoneintheroomgaveheracheer.A.AppearingB.AssheappearedC.HavingappearedD.Whenappearing答案:B。分析:inthedoorway的不是everyone,而是she,所以inthedoorway之前要有she。此句运用的是as引导的时间状语从句。⑵___,shehadtostayathomeandlookedafterher.A.HermotherwasillB.AsshewasillC.HermotherbeingillD.Beingill答案:C。分析:生病的不是she,而是Hermother。逗号不能连接两个句子,要么用并列句Hermotherwasill,soshehadtostayathomeandlookedafterher.要么用主从复合句Becausehermotherwasill,shehadtostayathomeandlookedafterher.此句运用独立主格结构Hermotherbeingill作原因状语。6重视标点符号。如:___,theGreatWallisthelongestwallintheworld.A.Thatiswell-knownB.ItisknownthatC.Asiswell-knownD.Weallknow答案:C。分析:逗号说明此句是由as引导的非限制性定语从句,不是主语从句。7重视一词多性。如:Isawa___goodgirlonTVlastnight.A.lovelyB.handsomeC.prettyD.nice答案:C。分析:四个都可以作形容词,但pretty还可作副词,表示“相当”。8重视一词多义。如:Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe___ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe___amedicalexamination.A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has答案:B。分析:suggest表示“暗示”,从句用陈述语气;表示“建议”,从句用虚拟语气(should可以省略)。(二)阅读理解的考查方式⒈推断词义。⑴利用形合手段。形合指的是:同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系。例如:Finally,renewableenergysourcesareusedeventhoughtheyareoftenexpensivetodevelop.Oneformoftheseisgeothermalenergy.Incertainpartsoftheworldthetemperatureoftheearthincreasesthirtydegreescentigradewitheachkilometerdown.Atsixkilometers,therefore,itrisestonearlytwohundreddegrees.Togettheheat,waterispumpeddownintotherocksandbackuptothesurface.Heatfromtheearthisalreadyusedincertaincountries.Theunderlinedwordsintheparagraphmean_______.A.renewablesourceB.undergroundsourceC.heatinsidetheearthD.temperatureoftheearth答案:C。geothermalenergy是renewableenergy的一种形式,属上下义关系。geothermalenergy与heatfromtheearth是同义关系。⑵利用语言情境。语境指的是照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等。例如:TheagingofthepopulationwillaffectAmericansocietyinmanyways---education,medicine,andbusiness.Quietly,thegrayingofAmericahasmadeusaverydifferentsociety---oneinwhichpeoplehaveaquitedifferentideaofwhatkindofbehaviorissuitableatvariousages.Theunderlinedword‘one’refersto___.A.asocietyB.AmericaC.aplaceD.p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