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发动机engine汽油机gasolineengine汽油喷射式汽油机gasoline-injectionengine内燃机internalcombustionengine动力机装置powerunit火花点火式发动机sparkignitionengine压燃式发动机compressionignitionengine往复式内燃机reciprocatinginternalcombustionengine化油器式发动机carburetorengine柴油机dieselengine转子发动机rotaryengine旋轮线转子发动机rotarytrochoidalengine二冲程发动机two-strokeengine四冲程发动机four-strokeengine直接喷射式柴油机directinjectionengine间接喷射式柴油机indirectinjectionengine增压式发动机superchargedengine风冷式发动机air-cooledengine油冷式发动机oil-cooledengine水冷式发动机water-cooledengine自然进气式发动机naturallyaspiratedengine煤气机gasengine液化石油气发动机liquifiedpetroleumgasengine柴油煤气机dieselgasengine多种燃料发动机multi-fuelengine石油发动机hydrocarbonengine双燃料发动机duelfuelengine热球式发动机hotbulbengine多气缸发动机multiplecylinderengine对置活塞发动机opposedpistonengine对置气缸式发动机opposed-cylinderengine十字头型发动机crossheadengine直列式发动机in-lineengine星型发动机radialengine筒状活塞发动机trunk-pistonengine斯特林发动机stirlingengine套阀式发动机knightengine气孔扫气式发动机port-scavengedengine倾斜式发动机slantengine前置式发动机front-engine后置式发动机rear-engine中置式发动机centralengine左侧发动机left-handengine右侧发动机right-handengine径超程发动机oversquareengine长行程发动机undersquareengine短冲程发动机shortstrokeengine长冲程发动机longstrokeengine等径程发动机squareengine顶置凸轮轴发动机overheadcamshaftengine双顶置凸轮轴发动机dualoverheadcamshaftengineV形发动机V-engine顶置气门发动机valvein-headengine侧置气门发动机sidevalveengine无气门发动机valvelessengine多气门发动机multi-valveengine卧式发动机horizontalengine斜置式发动机inclinedengine立式发动机verticalengineW形发动机w-engineI形发动机I-engineL形发动机L-engineF形发动机F-engine二冲程循环two-strokecycle四冲程循环four-strokecycle狄塞尔循环dieselcycle奥托循环ottocycle混合循环mixedcycle定容循环constantvolumecycle工作循环workingcycle等压循环constantpressurecycle理想循环idealcycle热力循环thermodynamiccycle冲程stroke活塞行程pistonstroke长行程longstroke上行程upstroke下行程downstroke进气行程intakestroke充气行程chargingstroke压缩行程compressionstroke爆炸行程explosionstroke膨胀行程expansionstroke动力行程powerstroke排气行程exhauststroke膨胀换气行程expansion-exchangestroke换气压缩行程exchange-compressionstroke止点deadcenter上止点topdeadcenter(upperdeadcenter)下止点lowerdeadcenter(bottomdeadcenter)上止点前budc(beforeupperdeadcenter)上止点后atdc(aftertopdeadcetner)下止点前bbdc(beforebottomdeadcenter)下止点后abdc(afterbottomdeadcenter)缸径cylinderbore缸径与行程boreandstroke空气室energychamber气缸余隙容积cylinderclearancevolume燃烧室容积combustionchambervolume气缸最大容积maximumcylindervolume压缩室compressionchamber排气量displacement发动机排量enginedisplacement活塞排量pistonsweptvolume气缸容量cylindercapacity单室容量single-chambercapacity容积法volumetry压缩比compressionratio临界压缩比criticalcompressionratio膨胀比expansionratio面容比surfacetovolumeratio行程缸径比stroke-boreratio混合比mixtureratio压缩压力compressionpressure制动平均有效压力brakemeaneffectivepressure(bmep)空燃比airfuelratio燃空比fuelairratio燃料当量比fuelequivalenceratio扭矩torque单缸功率powerpercylinder升功率powerperliter升扭矩torqueperliter升质量massperliter减额功率deratingpower输出马力shafthorsepower马力小时，马力时horsepower-hour总马力grosshorsepower总功率grosspower净功率netpower燃油消耗量fuelconsumption比燃料消耗率specificfuelconsumption空气消耗率airconsumption机油消耗量oilconsumption有效马力nethorsepower额定马力ratedhorsepower马力重量系数horsepower-weightfactor制动功率brakehorsepower制动热效率brakethermalefficiency总效率overallefficiency排烟极限功率smokelimitinghorsepower功率曲线powercurve机械损失mechanicalloss机械效率mechanicalefficiency有效热效率effectivethermalefficiency充气系数volumetricefficiency过量空气系数coefficientofexcessair适应性系数adaptivecoefficient扭矩适应性系数coefficientoftorqueadaptability转速适应性系数speedadaptivecoefficient强化系数coefficientofintensification校正系数correctionfactor换算系数conversionfactor活塞平均速度meanpistonspeed发动机转速enginespeed(rotationalfrequency)怠速转速idlingspeed经济转速economicspeed起动转速startingspeed最低稳定工作转速lowestcontinuousspeedwithload最大扭矩转速speedatmaximumtorque最高空转转速maximumnoloadgovernedspeed调速speedgoverning超速overspeed怠速idling转速波动率speedfluctuationrate工况workingcondition(operatingmode)额定工况declaredworkingcondition变工况variableworkingcondition稳定工况steadyworkingcondition空载no-load全负荷fullload超负荷overload部分负荷partload充量（进气）charge旋转方向directionofrotation顺时针clockwise逆时针counter-clockwise左转left-handrotation右转right-handrotation外径majordiameter中径pitchdiameter内径minordiameter径向间隙radialclearance发动机性能engineperformance加载性能loadingperformance起动性能startingperformance加速性能accelerationperformance动力性能powerperformance排放性能emissionperformance空转特性noloadcharacteristics负荷特性partthrottlecharacteristics调速特性governorcontrolcharacteristics万有特性mappingcharacteristics稳定调速率steadystatespeedgoverningrate气缸体和气缸盖cylinderblockandhead气缸体cylinderblock整体铸造castinblock(castenblock)发动机罩enginebonnet气缸体加强筋engineblockstiffeningrib气缸cylinder（转子机）缸体stator缸径cylinderbore气缸体机架cylinderblockframe气缸盖cylinderhead配气机构箱valvemechanismcasing气缸体隔片cylinderspacer气缸盖密封环cylinderheadringgasket气缸盖垫片cylinderheadgasket气缸套cylinderliner(cylindersleeve)干式缸套drycylinderliner湿式缸套wetcylinderliner气缸水套waterjacket膨胀塞expansionplug防冻塞freezeplug气缸壁cylinderwall环脊ringridge排气口exhaustport中间隔板intermediatebottom导板guideway创成半径（转子机）generatingradius缸体宽度（转子机）operatingwidth机柱column燃烧室combustionchamber主燃烧室maincombustionchamber副燃烧室subsidiarycombustionchamber预燃室prechamber涡流燃烧室`swirlcombustionchamber分开式燃烧室dividedcombustionchamber涡流式燃烧室turbulencecombustionchamber半球形燃烧室hemisphericalcombustionchamber浴盆形燃烧室bathtubsectioncombustionchamberL形燃烧室L-combustionchamber楔形燃烧室wedge-sectioncombustionchamber开式燃烧室op