高中英语语法虚拟语气

英语有三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气1.陈述语气(TheindicativeMood)陈述事实,提出看法形式有肯定，否定，疑问，感叹句。Iamnotinterestedinwhatyousaid.HaveyoueverbeentoFrance?Whatasplendidpalace!2.祈使语气(TheImperativeMood)表请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等.Let’shaveatalk.Don’tjumpinthequeue.虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念一、虚拟语气在条件句中从句主句与现在事实相反与过去相反与将来相反If+主语+did（be动词用were)主语+should,would,might,could＋doIf+主语+haddone主语＋should,would,might,could＋havedone1、If+主语+did2、If+主语+wereto+do3、If+主语+should+do主语＋should,wouldmight,could＋doeg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.如果我是你，我就会更努力学习．如果我知道他的电话号码的话，我就给他打电话了．如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛．IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder.IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.Ifitshould\weretorain,wewouldcalloff/cancelthematch.Morepractice:Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould…IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.c.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)fortheteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldaskIfhe__________(drive)morecarefully,he________________(have)thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehadIfI________(learn)howtoswim,I__________________(be)trappedinthisisland.hadlearntwouldnothavebeena.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgot/gottenwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.c.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegoneIfhegotupearly,hewouldbeontime.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如他看见我,就会认识我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.a.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanksc.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,here________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe真实条件句时态关系条件状从主句一般现在时shall/will+V原Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.a.虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。b.真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。ATTENTION：1)在真实条件句中,主句不用begoingto表将来,而用shall/will.(wrong)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(correct)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall(will)+V原,而直接用一般现在时。使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：１．当条件状从的动作和主句的动作所发生的时间不一致时，叫做：错综时间条件句动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了．Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.2.if从句中，省略if，将were，had，should提前，位于句首，形成倒装结构。not不能放在前面。IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.IfIhadnotseenhimthen,Iwouldn'thavebeenveryhappy.HadInotseenhimthen,Iwouldn'thavebeenveryhappy.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.3、含蓄虚拟语气有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中通过其它手段来代替条件句。常用介词with，without，butfor（要不是）；连词or，but；副词otherwise或inthatcase(如果是那样的话)。1.Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting,butIwasbusythen.=IfIhadn’tbeenillthatday,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.2.Without/Butforhishelp,wewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe______inturn,you______sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangPuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.WillIfyou______withGeorgeearlier,you_____soangrynow.A.talked;wouldnotbeB.hadtalked;wouldnotbeC.wouldtalk;wouldnotbeD.hadtalked;wouldnothavebeenIfwehadtakensucheffectivemeasuresmuchearlier,theriver_____soseriouslynow.A.isnotpollutedB.wouldnotbepollutedC.hadnotbeenpollutedD.wouldnothavebeenpollutedWithoutelectricity,humanbeinglife______quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbeButforhishelp,I______.A.shouldnothavesucceededB.havenotsucceededC.didnotsucceedD.hadnotsucceededHehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_____agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored—Whydidn’tyoubuyit?—I______butIdidn’thavethemoney.A.wouldB.wouldhaveC.hadhadD.hadbought二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用（1）用于宾语从句１、wish后面的宾语从句中。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：表现在did/were表过去haddone表将来would,might,could＋doIwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwould\could/mightgo.Iwish(that)he________________(visit)ustomorrow.Iwish(that)he_________(visit)ustoday.Iwishhe____________________________(visit)usyesterday.would/could/mightvisitvisitedhadvisited2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist,(一坚持)order,command,(二命令)suggest,a