高速公路隧道交通安全事故树分析

杨波,徐姣,倪晓阳(中国地质大学工程学院,武汉430074):,,,,:;;;:X951;U492.8:A:1671-1556(2011)03-0059-05:2010-09-06:2010-09-27:(1987)),,,E-mail:[e-mail]unnelTrafficSafetyBasedonFTAYANGBo,XUJiao,NIXiao-yang(FacultyofEngineering,ChinaUniversityofGeosciences,Wuhan430074,China)Abstract:BasedonanalyzingthetypesandcharacteristicsofhighwaytunnelaccidentsandincombinationwiththesafetysituationofhighwaytunnelsinChinainrecentyears,thispaperanalyzesthemaincausesofhighwaytunnelaccidentsfromfouraspectswhicharepeople,vehicles,roadandenvironmentandmanage-ment,withFTA,createsthefaulttreeofthehighwaytunneltrafficsafetyinauniqueway,andputsfor-wardthecountermeasuresandsuggestionsforhighwaytunneltrafficsafety.Keywords:highwaytunnel;trafficsafety;FaultTreeAnalysis(FTA);safetycountermeasure0,,80,2009,6.5km,,,,,2008,5426,318.64,12052.57,743122.62[1],,,,,,11.1,,,,,18320115安全与环境工程SafetyandEnvironmentalEngineeringVol.18No.3May20112004120051,181,56,30%[2],,,,,1.21.2.1隧道交通事故类型,,,,1.2.2隧道交通事故特点,,,2008;,,,;,,,[3],,[2]1.3,,,,,,1.3.1人的因素,,,,80%[4];,,,;,1.3.2车辆因素,,,,,[5],,,,1.3.3道路和环境因素,,,,[6](1)[5],,,,,,,;,60安全与环境工程第18卷,10%,,[7,8](2),,/0/0[9];(),;,,,1.3.4管理因素,,,80%20%,,,,[5],,,,22.1(FaultTreeAnalysis,FTA)FTA,,,,,[10]2.2,/0,,,,11Fig.1Faulttreeofhighwaytunneltrafficsafety2.3,,,2.3.1最小割集分析,{X33X27,X18X21,X6,X10,X2,X4X5,X31X24,X25X26,X3,X28X23,X9,X14,X1,X18X22,X7,X8,X12,X11,61第3期杨波等:高速公路隧道交通安全事故树分析X29X23,X30X23,X16,X15,X19X22,X20X22,X17X22,X13,X19X21,X20X21,X17X21,X32X24,X34X27,X35X27,X36X27,X37X27}34,34,,2.3.2结构重要度分析,,:I(27)I(1)I(21)=I(22)I(23)I(14)=I(33)I(10)=I(2)=I(24)=I(3)=I(18)=I(9)=I(6)=I(7)=I(8)=I(12)=I(11)=I(16)=I(15)=I(19)=I(20)=I(17)=I(13)I(31)=I(29)=I(30)=I(25)=I(26)=I(4)=I(28)=I(5)=I(32)=I(34)=I(35)=I(36)=I(37)2.3.3结果分析(1),75%,25%,(2),,,;,,,34,3,(3),X27X1X21X22X23X14X33,,,,,,33.1,X1()X14(),,,5656,,,3.2,X21X22,,,;,,,/0:,43%~49%;,18%;/+0,60%[11],,,3.3,,,,,,,,,,,,3.4,,,,,,,,,3.5,,,,,,,62安全与环境工程第18卷,,,,4,,,,,,,,,,,,,:[1],,,.[J].,2009,(6):137-143.[2],,.[J].,2006,(3):130-132.[3],,.[J].(),2008,28(4):74-78.[4],.[J].,2005,(2):63-65.[5].[D].:,,2006.[6]Liu,H.,S.M.Sun,Z.C.Zhang.Studyandapplicationonsafetycomprehensiveassessmentofman-machine-environmentsystemforhighwaytunnelconstruction[A].ProgressinSafetyScienceandTechnology-InternationalSymposiumonSafetyScienceandTechnology[C].Beijing:SciencePress,2008:121-125.[7].[J].,2000,17(6):56-59.[8]Gao,G.F.,Y.P.Luo,B.J.Yan.Fuzzyevaluationsystemoftraf-ficsafetyinhighwaytunnel[A].ProgressinSafetyScienceandTechnology-5thInternationalSymposiumonSafetyScienceandTechnology[C].Beijing:SciencePress,2006:1989-1993.[9],,.[J].,2008,9(1):36-40.[10].[M].:,2002.[11]瑄,李宏光,赵航.现代汽车安全[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1997.:(1971)),,,E-mail:[e-mail](54)[6]Wischmeier,W.H.,D.D.Simth.Predictingrainfallerosionlos-ses:Aguidetoconservationplanning[A].AgricultureHand-bookNo.537[C].Washington,D.C:UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture,1978.[7],,.[M].:,2001.[8],,,.R[J].,1995,9(1):13-18.[9],.GIS[J].,1999,14(1):62-68.[10]Williams,J.R.,K.G.Renard,P.T.Dyke.EPIC-anewmethodforassessingerosion.seffectonsoilproductivity[J].SoilandWaterConservation,1983,38(5):381-383.[11],,.[J].,2003,40(4):511-517.[12]McCool,D.K.,L.C.Brown,G.R.Foster,etal.Revisedslopesteepnessfactorfortheuniversalsoillossequation[J].TransactionsoftheASAE,1987,30(5):1387-1396.[13]Liu,B.Y.,M.A.Nearing,L.M.Risse.Slopegradienteffectsonsoillossforsteepslopes[J].TransactionsoftheASAE,1994,37(6):1835-1840.[14],,,.USLEIDRISI[J].,2000,14(2):19-24.[15],,,.GISUSLE[J].,2004,18(5):75-79.[16],,,.ARC/INFO[J].,2001,15(4):29-32.[17].[J].,2002,(S1):1-9.63第3期杨波等:高速公路隧道交通安全事故树分析