2019中考英语--动词不定式练习题1/72019中考英语--动词不定式一、动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,不受人称和数的变化限制,它是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成。Thereisgoingtobeasportsmeetinginourschoolnextweek.下周我们学校将举行运动会。1.考查动词不定式作宾语有些动词,如hope,decide,ask,agree,wish,choose,wouldlike等,一般只能用动词不定式作宾语,而确旨用动词-ing形式作宾语。【真题再现】①(2017江苏苏州)一Jack,whyhaveyoudecidedChinesefolkmusicasacourse?一TolearnmoreaboutChineseculture.A.takeB.takenC.takingD.totake【解析】根据decidetodosth.结构确定选D。②(2017山东临沂)Cindy'sgrandmotherislearningthenewmobilephone.A.useB.usesC.usedD.touse【解析】learntodosth.意为“学做某事”。故选D。【注意】用动词不定式(短语)作宾语时,如果其后有宾语补足语,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后,其句型为:主语+谓语+it十宾语补足语+动词不定式(短语)。【真题再现】(2017湖北黄石)ChinesepeoplefindourdutytohelpdevelopAfricancountriesalongtheBeltandRoad(一带一路).A.itB.thisC.thatD.these【解析】此空要用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语为动词不定式短语tohelpdevelopAfricancountriesalongtheBeltandRoad。故选A。2.考查动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语时,与被它修饰的名词有动宾关系。【真题再现】(2017甘肃天水)Sleepingisapopularwayamongstudents.A.relaxB.relaxedC.relaxingD.torelax【解析】此处是动词不定式torelax作后置定语,修饰名词way。故选D。【注意】若动词不定式是不及物动词时,则要带上必要的介词,构成及物动词短语。【真题再现】(2013四川凉山)Whenyoumovesomewherenew,thefirstthingforyouistofindaplace.A.toliveB.livinginC.tolivein【解析】live是不及物动词,aplace是live的逻辑宾语,所以tolive后要加上介词in才能作后置定语修饰place。故选C。3.考查动词不定式作宾语补足语有些动词,如ask,teach,want,tell,allow,warn,advise等可接带to的不定式作宾语补足语,即构成ask/teach/want/tellsb.todosth.结构,其否定形式是在to前加not。【真题再现】①(2017四川遂宁)Ourteacheroftentellsustime.A.notwasteB.don'twaste2019中考英语--动词不定式练习题2/7C.nottowasteD.doesn'twaste【解析】tellsb.(not)todosth.意为“告诉某人(不要)做某事”。故选C。②(2017湖北宜昌)一You'dbetteradvisehimanythingoutofthewindowwhiledriving.一Iwill.Hehastoknowit'sdangerous.A.notthrowingB.nothrowingC.nottothrowD.don'tthrow【解析】C。advisesb.(not)todosth.意为“建议某人(不要)做某事”。【注意】动词不定式用作使役动词(如let,make等,但get除外)及感官动词(如see,hear,watch,feel等)的宾语补足语时都不带to;在help后面作宾语补足语时,to可有可无。注意:将其改为被动语态时,则要加上to(但let不能用于被动语态)。【真题再现】(2017湖南岳阳)Thoughheoftenmadehislittlesister,todayhewasmadebyher.A.cry;tocryB.cried;cryingC.tocry;cry【解析】主动语态makesb.dosth.结构中,用省掉to的动词不定式作宾补,所以第一空用动词原形cry。但在被动语态中“感、让、听、看”等动词后不省略动词不定式符号to,动词不定式作主语补足语,所以第二空填tocry。故选A。4.考查动词不定式作主语在许多情况下,动词不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,而用it作形式主语,常构成“Itis+形容词/副词+(for/ofsb.)+todosth”结构。如:【真题再现】(2017江苏泰州)-WasitnecessaryJohnsomephotosbeforetheoldman?一Ithinkso.Inthisway,hecouldprotecthimselflater.A.of;takingB.for;takingC.of;totakeD.for;totake【解析】D。此句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语totakesomephotosbeforetheoldman。另外,本题中的necessary仅仅是描述事物,不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价,介词要用for。故选D。5.考查动词不定式作状语动词不定式可以在句子中作目的、原因、方式和结果状语。【真题再现】①(2017吉林长春)Chineseculture,manycollegestudentsgotoforeigncountrieseveryyear.A.SpreadingB.TospreadC.SpreadsD.Spread【解析】根据句意“为了传播中国文化,许多大学生每年都去外国。”可知此空要用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。②(2017甘肃天水)We'l1dowhatwecanthesickman.A.tohelpB.help2019中考英语--动词不定式练习题3/7C.helpsD.helped【解析】此题易受can的误导而误选B。whatwecan是个宾语从句,作动词do的宾语。根据句意“我们将会尽我们所能帮助这位生病的男子。”可知此空要用动词不定式作目的状语。故选A。6.“连接代(副)词十动词不定式”结构的用法在英语中有些动词,如ask,know,learn,decide,tell等后可接“疑问代(副)词+不定式”作宾语。如:【真题再现】(2017江苏宿迁)Thegirlstudentsarediscussingthewallsintheclassroom.A.whattopaintcolorB.topaintwhatcolorC.whichcolortopaintD.topaintwhichcolor【解析】C。此空要用“连接代(副)词+动词不定式”结构,“哪一种”用疑问词which。正确答案是C。二、在固定句式中动词不定式的考查1.hadbetterdosth.意为“最好做某事”,常用来向对方提建议,其否定式是hadbetternotdosth.意为“最好不要做某事”。如:【真题再现】(2016四川宜宾)It'sgettingdark.You'dbetteroutbyyourself.It'sdangerous.A.notgoB.nottogoC.togo【解析】根据hadbetter(not)dosth.结构可确定选A。2.Whynotdosth.?意为“为什么不做……?”,也用来表示向对方提建议。【真题再现】(2017四川广安)一Excuseme!Isthereasupermarketnearhere?一Sorry,I'mnewheretoo.Whynottheoldladyoverthere?A.askingB.askC.asksD.toask【解析】B。根据“Whynotdosth.?”可确定选B。3.prefertodosth.意为“更喜欢做某事”;wouldratherdosth.thandosth.意为“宁愿做……而不做……”。【真题再现】(2017四川达州)一Doyoupreferbasketballwithme?一No,I'dratherathomeandwatchTVA.play;stayB.toplay;tostayC.play;tostayD.toplay;stay【解析】D。根据prefertodosth.和wou1dratherdosth.可确定选D。4.besupposedtodosth.意为“应该破期望做某事”。【真题再现】(2016甘肃天水)一Ialwayscan'thelpTVplayswithmymobilephonewhenI'mstudying.一It'snotagoodhabit.Youaresupposedtoit.A.watching;correctingB.watch;correctC.watch;correctingD.watching;correct2019中考英语--动词不定式练习题4/7【解析】can'thelpdoing意为“情不自禁做某事”,第一空填watching。第二空根据besupposedtodosth.确定填correct。故选D。5.在口语句式中考查。【真题再现】(2017贵州黔西南)一TomorrowisSaturday.Wouldyouliketogocyclingwithme?一A.Ilikeitverymuch.B.Yes,Iwould.C.Sure,I'dloveto.D.Ithinkso.【解析】“Wouldyouliketo...?”的肯定回答是“Yes,I'dlove/liketo.”。故选C。三、对一些易混结构的考查1.有些动词后既可以接动词不定式作宾语,也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语,但所表达的意义不同,应注意区别。remember/forgettodosth.记得/忘记要做某事;remember/forgetdoingsth.记得/忘记曾经做过某事【真题再现】(2017湖北黄石)一Jack,rememberoffthelightswhenthehome.一OK,Iwon'tforget,mom.A.turning;leavingB.toturn;leaveC.turning;leftD.toturn;leaving【解析】根据答语中的“Iwon'tforget”可知,“关灯”这一动作是将来发生还未发生的,应用不定式,when引导的时间状语从句应用一般将来时,“be动词+瞬间动词的-ing形式”表示将要发生(现在进行表将来),又主从句主语一致,从句中主语和be动词(youare)可省略。故选D。2.在see,watch,find,feel等动词后,既可以接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,前者表示动作的全过程已结束,后者表示动作的一部分正在进行。【真题再现】(2017江苏徐州)IsawTomhiskeyinthelock,turnitandopenthedoor.A.putB.puttingC.putsD.toput【解析】根据后半句“turnitandopenthedoor”可知“把钥匙插进锁里”这个动作已结束了,要用动词原形。故选A。3.stoptodosth.意为“停下来去做某事”,不定式作状语,表示目的;stopdoingsth.意为“停止做某事”,doing是stop的宾语,是要停止做的事情。【真题再现】(2017江苏常州)一Whydoesn'tthesurgeonstoplunch?一Becauseheistoobusyadyingpatientintheoperati