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2020/1/14条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。a.真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。b.虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。一、用法归纳:虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法主从句构成时态虚拟条件从句(if…)主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+did(be用were)主语+would/should/could/might+doIf+主语+haddone主语+would/should/could/mighthavedone主从句构成虚拟条件从句(if…)主句与将来情况相反的假设①If+主语+did②If+主语+weretodo③If+主语+shoulddo主语+would/should/could/mightdo时态二虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用1）与现在事实相反从句谓语：主句谓语：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothere.过去时would,should,could,might+动词原形注意：在虚拟语气中，只能用were，不能用was.IfIhadalotofmoneyIwouldbuyavilla.三与将来事实相反从句谓语：主句谓语：1)IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Ishouldgotoseeafilm.2)IfheshouldhavetimenextSunday,hewouldgotovisittheGreatWall.3)IfIweretobetwentynextyear,Icouldtakethecourse.1）过去时would,should,could,might+动词原形2）should+动词原形3)wereto+动词原形四与过去事实相反从句谓语：主句谓语：Ifhehadcomeearlier,hewouldhaveseenher.had+动词的过去分词would,should,could,might+have+动词的过去分词Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavehadthecaraccidentyesterdayHadIhadtime,Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilm.=IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilm.五在虚拟语气的条件从句中，可以省略if，但要把状语从句变成一般疑问句语序。____today,hewouldgetthereonFriday.A.WasheleavingB.IfheleavesC.WerehetoleaveD.IfheisleavingC六有时虚拟语气的条件从句不用if引导，而用butfor,without,ifonly,otherwise等词。1)Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogressinEnglish.2)Withoutair,wecouldn’tlive.3)Ifonlytheweatherwerefine.4)Ihadbeentherebytaxi,otherwiseIwouldhavemissedthetrain.以butfor,without开头的句子，谓语动词的形式和if的主句的一致。主、从句的谓语动词的形式都和if从句相一致。以Ifonly开头的句子，谓语动词的形式和if从句的一致。七有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，出现混合虚拟语气结构。1)Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbewell.2)IfIwereyouIwouldnothavegonetoseethefilmyesterday.在混合虚拟语气结构中，从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动词的形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整。1)ShetalkedaboutAmericaasifhehadbeenbornthere.2)Hesingsasthoughhewereasinger.八、由asif或asthough引导的状语从句，其谓语动词用过去式或had+动词的过去分词。1)Heappearsasthoughhe____anItalian.A.wereB.wasC.hasbeenD.be2)Itseemsasifhe____thereyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeenAD九、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用(1）*wish+宾语从句1)IwishIwereadoctor.2)IwishIshouldgoabroadnextyear.3)IwishIhadseenthefootballmatch.与现在事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去时。与将来事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用should,would,could,might+动词原形。与过去事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。(2)*suggest等+宾语从句。这类动词有：order,insist,demand,desire,command,propose,request等。1)Theteachersuggestedthatoursportsmeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.2)Theheadmasterorderedthatallofthestudents(should)behereontime.3)Heinsistedthatwe(should)attendthemeeting.在宾语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省略。在command,order,require,demand,request,insist,propose,suggest等动词后面的宾语从句，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用(should)+动词原形Wesuggestthatwe(should)haveameeting.Weinsistedthatthey(should)gowithus.记住：insist/suggest各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即should+do;Insist表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。Suggest表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。注意：insist,suggest后接的宾语从句不用虚拟语气的情况。1)sheinsistedthatshewasright.2)Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy.当insist的意思是坚持某人自己的观点时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。当suggest的意思是暗示、表明时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。1)Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)visitthefarm.2)Hisideaisthatthestudents(should)makeaplan.(3）*句中有suggestion,plan,idea,order,requirement,motion,recommendation,proposal等名词，其后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。虚拟语气用于表语从句，同位语从句中。名词advice,order,demand,proposal,command,requirement,insistence,suggestion,request等的表语从句和同位语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的构成是(should)+动词原形Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforoursummervocation.(4）*记住下面几个句型：1.natural/important/necessary/impossiblesurprising/strange/funny/essentialItis+thatrequested/suggested/desired/proposedapity/amatterofregret/ashame/nowonder从句的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形在主语从句中，谓语动词可以用虚拟语气表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此等主观的情感,其谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.(necessary,natural,strange,etc.)2.Itisapitythatyou(should)besocareless.(ashame,nowonder,etc.)3.ItissuggestedthatMissLiu(should)giveaperformanceattheparty.(decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc)2.It’stimethatwehad(或shouldhave)aclass.在It’sabout/hightimethat句型中，从句的谓语动词用过去时或shoulddosth.3.Iwouldratheryoufinishedtheworktoday.Iwouldratheryoufinishedtheworktomorrow.I’dratheryouhadfinishedtheworkyesterday.在wouldrather句型中，与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时；与现在、将来事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去时。1.错综时间条件句1.Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.2.Ifthedoctorhadcomeintime,Amywouldstillbealive.3.Ifhehadreceivedsixmorevotes,hewouldbeourchairmannow.十几种特殊情况十一If可能被省略,从句要倒装1.Weresheincharge(=Ifshewereincharge),shewoulddothingsdifferently.2.HadIknownyouraddress(=IfIhadknownyouraddress),Iwouldhavewrittenbefore.3.Shouldyouchangeyourmind(=Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind),noonewouldblameyou.十二不含条件从句,但有条件假设意义1.Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thaveachievedallthis.(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)2.Butforhispension,hewouldstarve.(Ifitwerenotforhispension)十三Ifonly意为：若是...那该多好啊;真希望...;只要,只要...就好IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!Ifonlyshedidn’tdrivesofast.IfonlyIwereabird.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice十四由sothat,inorderthat引导的目的状语从句中用虚拟语气,其谓语形式为may(might),can(could)+动词原形.SpeakloudersothatIcanhearyou.Hegotupmuchearlierthismorninginorderthathemightcatchthefirstbustothecity.IwenttothecinemaearlysothatIcouldfindagoodseat.虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。SubjunctiveMood①Iwishpeoplewoul