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Unit1friendshipPeriod1warmingup,pre-reading,reading,comprehending.1.add(vt./vi)加，增加，补充说词性拓展：additional(adj)附加的，另外的；addition(n.)加，增加inaddition另外；此外inadditionto除了……用法：（1）addsth.up把…加起来（2）addto增添（3）add…to…把…加到…(4)addup把…加起来(5)addupto总计；加起来结果是…whathesaidabouttheaccidentanddidwithit______ourtrouble.A.addeduptoB.addedtoC.addupD.addaddto增添；不能用被动(B)you’dbetter________yourscoreandseeifyouhavepassedtheexam.A.adduptoB.addtoC.addupD.addA强调加起来的结果；C意为把……加起来（C）2．point(n.)尖端；点；分数；要点；论点用法：(1)onthepointof就要/将近…….的时候（2）tothepoint中肯，扼要（3）inpoint恰当的，适当的（4）thereisnopointindoingsth.做某事没有意义。Thesailorswereonthepointofgivingup______thecaptaincameup.A.whenB.whileC.asD.becauseBeonthepointofdoing…when…是固定句式。When在此处表示“在那个时候”=andatthattime此时不能用其他词（as/while）代替。拓展：句型（1）beabouttodo……when……(2)bedoing……when……(3)have/haddone…….when……3.ignore(vt.)不理睬；忽视词性拓展：ignorantadj.无知的；不知的ignorancen.无知；愚昧用法：（1）ignoresb./sth.忽视某人/某物（2）beignorantofsthhe________thedoctor’sadviceandgoesonsmoking.Iwas________ofthefactthatthebosscouldbesostrict.(ignores;ignorant)4.clamadj.平静的；镇静的；沉静的youshouldkeepclamintimeofdanger.区别：silent不说话，不出声；quite安静的；宁静的；still不动的；强调“静止状态”；clam指人“沉着，镇定”；指自然“无风无浪”。（1）theoldmanstoodquite_______,exceptthathislipsmovedslightly.（2）Onemanshoutedattheboy,“be_______,boy!what’sthematterwithyou?”（3）Heis_______abouttheaccident.（4）Heremained_________inthefaceofthecruelenemy.(1.still2.quite.3.silent.4.calm)5.concernvt.涉及；关系到n.关心；关注用法拓展：(1)beconcernedabout/forsth.关心挂念……(2)beconcernedinsth.和某事有牵连(3)beconcernedwithsth.与某事有关/关于…….(4)asconcerns关于（=concerning）(5)asfaras…beconcerned…就……而言(6)show/feelconcernfor/about……担心/关心……themeetingwasconcerned_________reformsandeveryonepresentwasconcerned_______theirowninterests.A.with;forB.with;withC.for;about;D.about;with(前一句理解为“会议与改革有关”，因此此处应填介词with;后一句句意为“到会的每一个人都关心自己的利益”，因此空二填介词about/for。A)6.looseadj.松的，松散的，松开的词性拓展：loosenvt./vi.解开，放松；变松；用法拓展；breakloose挣脱出来；迸发出来come(get)loose(结等)松掉；let/setloose释放；放出；发出7．cheatn.欺骗;骗子vt./vi.欺骗；作弊用法拓展：（1）cheatsb.intodoingsth..欺骗某人做某事（2）cheatsb.(out)ofsth.欺骗某人某物（3）cheatsb.intothebeliefthat…骗某人相信…(4)cheatintheexam考试作弊8．reasonn.理由；原因vt./vi.推理；说服eg:myreasonisthatthecostwillbetoohigh.我的理由是费用太高。词性拓展：reasonableadj.合情合理的用法拓展：（1）forthis/that/no/somereason因为这个/那个/没有/某一理由（2）reasonwithsb.和某人辩论（3）byreasonof因为，由于……（4）thereasonforsth./doingsth.isthat…….做某事的理由是…….（5）Thereasonwhy……isthat……做某事的理由是……Thereason_________hewaslatewas______hiscarhadbrokendownontheway.A.why;becauseB.that;becauseC.that;forD.why;thatShewouldliketoknowthereason________fewerandfewerstudentsareshowinginterestinherlesson.A.forB.whyC.forthatD.whichWhatdoyouthinkofthereason________heexplainedinhislastletter________refusingthejob?A.why;whyB.that;forwhichC.which;forD.that;because(D.B.首先分析定语从句结构，主谓齐全，空格只能填状语成分，所以使用关系副词why;c改为forwhich也对；C.注意：reason后面的定语从句不一定用why引导，要看在定语从句中缺少什么句子成分。在这里explain缺少宾语只能用关系代词that或which引导。补充：reason与cause的区别reason指在事实的基础上通过逻辑判断出的理由与conclusion(结论)相对，常与for或why连用；cause是自然造成某种结果的原因，与effect(结果)相对，常与of连用。用reason,cause填空（1）the________ofthefireisstillnotknown.（2）Givemeyour________fordoingit.9.listvt.列出n.表，一览表，目录，名单用法拓展：makealistof……列……表10．Sharevt./vi.分享；共同使用n.一份；份额用法拓展：（1）share(in)sth.分享/分担某物（2）sharesth.withsb.与某人共享某物；与某人分担某物11．Feelingn.感觉；感情词性拓展：feelvt./vi.感觉，感受，触摸feelings情感12.Netherlandsn.荷兰Netherlandern.荷兰人Netherlandishadj.荷兰的；荷兰人的；荷兰语的n.荷兰语13．Germann.德国人；德语adj.德国的；德国人的；德语的词性拓展：Germanyn.德国用法拓展：German的复数形式是Germans,而英国人、法国人的复数形式是Englishmen和Frenchmen.14.seriesn.连续；系列therewillbeaseriesoffootballgamesnextmonth.用法拓展：aseriesofmeeting/exams/textbookstwoseriesofstampsseries单复数同型，作主语时谓语动词根据series单复数概念决定，不根据of的名词决定。15．Outdoorsadv.在户外；在野外childrenusuallypreferplayingoutdoors.相关拓展：outdoorsadj.户外的，野外的indoorsadv.在室内；入室内indooradj.室内的16．Crazyadj.疯狂的；狂热用法拓展：（1）becrazyabout…….对……狂热，痴迷（2）becrazyforsb./sth.=longfor渴望某物或迷恋某人（3becrazywith因……而发疯hehasgreatlyimprovedisspokenEnglishbylearningCrazyEnglish.Andhe________achancetogoabroad.A.iscrazyaboutB.iscrazyforC.ishopingforD.hopesabout17.naturen.自然；自然界keepthebalanceofnature词性拓展：naturaladj.自然的；naturallyadv.自然的用法拓展：againstnature违反自然bynature生来；天生innature性质上；inthenatureof具备……的性质注意：nature意思是“自然，自然界”，前面不加冠词。18.purposen.目的；意图thepurposeofthebookistoprovideacompleteguidetotheuniversity.用法拓展：(1)onpurpose故意地=withthepurposeofdoing(2)forthepurposeofdoing为了……的目的heheldouthisfistbeforetheyoungmanandtriedtoangerhim________.A.forpurposeB.onpurposeC.inpurposeD.frompurpose19.darevt./vi.Aux.敢；胆敢用法拓展：（1）dare作情态动词，一般用在否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中，后跟不带to的不定式，有自己的过去式dared,无人称和数的变化。Hedarednotgonearthedog.Ifyoudarespeaktomelikethatagain,you’llbesorry.(2)dare用作实义动词，后跟带to的不定式，有人称、数及时态的变化。但在否定句和疑问句中可省略to.Doyoudare(to)jumpoffthehighwall?Shedoesn’tdare(to)sayanything?注意：做题时，应先判断dare是情态动词还是实义动词。He________hisparentsabouthisfailureintheexamination.A.darenottellB.daresnottotellC.darenottotellD.darenottellIwonderedhowhe_________thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay(D,本题考察dare的用法。做题时，应先判断dare是情态动词还是实义动词。A\B\C三项从darenot判断显然是情态动词，后应跟动词原形，排除B\C二项。A项dare是情态动词，无人称和数的变化，不应加“s”,故答案选D.)(D.本题考察dare的用法。Dare用作行为动词有人称、数和时态的变化。A项从tosay来看，d