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四、拼读练习aeioubcdfghbacadafagahabecedefegehebicidifigihibocodofogohobucudufuguhu（一）一辅音一元音aeioujklmnpjakalamanapajekelemenepejikiliminipijokolomonopojukulumunupu（一）一辅音一元音aeiouqrstvxzquarasatavaxazaqueresetevexezequirisitivixiziquorosotovoxozoquurusutuvuxuzu（一）一辅音一元音（二）一元音一辅音abebibobubacecicocucadedidodudafefifofufagegigogugalelilolulamemimomumaneninonunapepipopuparerirorurasesisosusatetitotut（三）两个辅音一个元音blabraclacradratraflafraglagraplaprablebreclecredretreflefreglegreplepreblibriclicridritriflifrigligriplipriblobroclocrodrotroflofroglofroploproblubruclucrudrutruflufruglugruplupru（四）双辅音的拼读chapharhathachlachraphlaphrathrachepherhethechlechrephlephrethrechiphirhithichlichriphliphrithrichophorhothochlochrophlophrothrochuphurhuthuchluchruphluphruthru五、拉丁学名举例（一）植物科名Ai-zo-a-ce-ae番杏科As-te-ra-ce-ae菊科A-ris-to-lo-chi-a-ce-ae马兜铃科A-ra-ce-ae天南星科A-qui-fo-li-a-ce-ae冬青科Be-tu-la-ce-ae桦木科Big-no-ni-a-ce-ae紫薇科Bo-try-chi-a-ce-ae阴地蕨科Bry-a-ce-ae真藓科Bud-dle-ja-ce-ae醉鱼草科（一）植物科名Cac-ta-ce-ae仙人掌科Ca-ly-can-tha-ce-ae腊梅科Cer-ci-di-phyl-la-ce-ae连香树科Ca-ry-o-phyl-la-ce-ae石竹科Com-po-si-tae菊科Daph-ni-phyl-la-ce-ae交让木科Denn-staed-ti-a-ce-ae碗蕨科Dick-so-ni-a-ce-ae蚌壳蕨科Di-os-co-re-a-ce-ae薯蓣科Dip-sa-ca-ce-ae川续断科（一）植物科名E-be-na-ce-ae柿科E-la-ti-na-ce-ae沟繁缕科E-ri-ca-ce-ae杜鹃花科Eu-com-mi-a-ce-ae杜仲科Eu-phor-bi-a-ce-ae大戟科Fa-ga-ce-ae壳斗科Fis-si-den-ta-ce-ae凤尾藓科Fla-co-ur-ti-a-ce-ae大风子科Frul-la-ni-a-ce-ae耳叶苔科Fu-na-ri-a-ce-ae葫芦藓科（一）植物科名Gen-ti-a-na-ce-ae龙胆科Ge-ra-ni-a-ce-ae牛儿苗科（新拟）Gra-mi-ne-ae禾本科Gram-mi-ti-da-ce-ae和叶蕨科Gri-mal-di-a-ce-ae石地钱科Ha-lo-ra-gi-da-ce-ae小二仙草科Ha-ma-me-li-da-ce-ae金缕梅科Hu-per-zi-a-ce-ae石杉科Hy-dro-phyl-la-ce-ae田基麻科Hy-dro-cha-ri-ta-ce-ae水鳖科（一）植物科名I-ca-ci-na-ce-ae茶茱萸科Il-li-ci-a-ce-ae八角科I-ri-da-ce-ae鸢尾科I-soe-ta-ce-ae水韭科I-xo-na-tha-ce-ae粘木科Jug-lan-da-ce-ae胡桃科Jun-ca-ce-ae灯心草科Jun-ca-gi-na-ce-ae水麦冬科Jun-ger-man-ni-a-ce-ae叶苔科（一）植物科名Lau-ra-ce-ae樟科Lem-na-ce-ae浮萍科Len-ti-bu-la-ri-a-ce-ae狸藻科Lo-ga-ni-a-ce-ae马钱科Ly-thra-ce-ae千屈菜科Mag-no-li-a-ce-ae木兰科Me-las-to-ma-ta-ce-ae野牡丹科Me-ni-an-tha-ce-ae睡菜科Me-nis-per-ma-ce-ae防己科Mu-sa-ce-ae芭蕉科（一）植物科名Na-ja-da-ce-ae茨藻科Nec-ke-ra-ce-ae平藓科Nym-phy-a-ce-ae睡莲科Nyc-ta-gi-na-ce-ae紫茉莉科Nys-sa-ce-ae紫树科O-nag-ra-ce-ae柳叶菜科O-phi-og-los-sa-ce-ae瓶儿小草科Os-mun-da-ce-ae紫萁科Or-chi-da-ce-ae兰科O-ro-ban-cha-ce-ae列当科（一）植物科名Pal-mae棕榈科Pal-ma-ce-ae棕榈科Phry-ma-ta-ce-ae透骨草科Pi-to-spo-ra-ce-ae海桐花科Po-ly-ga-la-ce-ae远志科Pty-cho-mi-tri-a-ce-ae缩叶藓科Ra-nun-cu-la-ce-ae毛茛科Rham-na-ce-ae鼠李科Rhi-zo-go-ni-a-ce-ae桧藓科Ro-sa-ce-ae蔷薇科Ru-bi-a-ce-ae茜草科Ru-ta-ce-ae芸香科（一）植物科名Sar-gen-to-do-xa-ce-ae大血藤科Sa-xif-ra-ga-ce-ae虎耳草科Schi-san-dra-ce-ae五味子科Spar-ga-ni-a-ce-ae黑三棱科Scro-phu-la-ri-a-ce-ae玄参科Ta-xo-di-a-ce-ae杉科Thy-me-lae-a-ce-ae瑞香科Ti-li-a-ce-ae椴树科Tra-pa-ce-ae菱科Tro-pae-o-la-ce-ae旱金莲科（一）植物科名Ul-ma-ce-ae榆树科Um-bel-li-fe-rae伞形科Ur-ti-ca-ce-ae荨麻科Va-le-ri-a-na-ce-ae败酱草科Ver-be-na-ce-ae马鞭草科Vi-o-la-ce-ae堇菜科Vi-ta-ce-ae葡萄科Vit-ta-ri-a-ce-ae书带蕨科（一）植物科名Wo-od-si-a-ce-ae岩蕨科Xy-ri-da-ce-ae黄眼草科Zan-ni-chel-li-a-ce-ae角果藻科Zin-gi-be-ra-ce-ae姜科Zy-go-phyl-la-ce-ae蒺藜科（二）植物属名(1-3个音节)Rhus漆树属Rheum大黄Acer戚属Beta甜菜属Bixa红木属Canna美人蕉属Cycas苏铁属Cocos椰子属Daucus胡萝卜属Fagus水青冈属Ficus榕属Hordeum大麦属Ilex冬青属Iris鸢尾属Linum亚麻属Litchi荔枝属Malus苹果属Morus桑属Musa芭蕉属Panax人参属Pinus松属（二）植物属名(1-3个音节)Piper胡椒属Pisum豌豆属Poa早熟禾属Prunus李属Pyrus梨属Rosa蔷薇属Sonchus苦苣菜属Sorghum高粱属Thea茶属Ulmus榆属Vigna豇豆属Viscum槲寄生属Vitis葡萄属Xylis黄眼草属Yucca丝兰属Zea玉蜀黍属Allium葱属Apium芹属Avena燕麦属Coprinus鬼伞属（二）植物属名(1-3个音节)Ephedra麻黄属Hippophae沙棘属Jasminum茉莉属Kerria棣棠花属Lactuca莴苣属Monstera龟背竹属Nelumbo莲属Oryza稻属Panicum黍属Phragmites芦苇属Poplus杨属Quis-qua-lis使君子属Quer-cus栎属Ra-pha-nus萝卜属Sac-cha-rum甘蔗属Se-sa-mum胡麻属So-la-num茄属Tri-ti-cum小麦属Vis-ci-a蚕豆属Zin-gi-ber姜属Zi-zi-phus枣属（三）植物属名(4个以上音节)A-can-tho-pa-nax五加属Bry-o-phyl-lum落地生根属Cu-cur-bi-ta南瓜属Den-dran-the-ma菊属E-chi-noch-lo-a稗属Fa-go-py-rum荞麦属Foe-ni-cu-lum茴香属Gly-cyr-rhi-za甘草属He-li-an-thus向日葵属Im-pa-ti-ens凤仙花属Ka-lo-pa-nax刺楸属Li-qui-dam-bar枫香树属Mo-mor-di-ca苦瓜属Ni-co-ti-a-na烟草属Or-mo-si-a红豆属O-ro-ban-che列当属（三）植物属名(4个以上音节)Pae-o-ni-a芍药属Pha-se-o-lus菜豆属Po-ly-go-num蓼属Rho-do-den-dron杜鹃花属Ro-bi-ni-a刺槐属Saus-su-re-a凤毛菊属Schi-zo-pe-pon列瓜属Ta-ra-xa-cum蒲公英属The-ob-ro-ma可可树属Tra-chy-car-pus棕榈属Ur-tri-cu-la-ri-a狸藻属Ve-ro-ni-ca婆婆纳属Wis-te-ri-a紫藤属Xan-tho-ce-ras文冠果属Zan-tho-xy-lum花椒属（四）100个植物病原物属名Achliya棉霉属Agrobacterium土壤（野）杆菌属Albugo白锈菌属Alternaria链格孢属Anguina粒线虫属Aphelenchoides拟滑刃线虫属Ascochyta壳二孢属Aspergillus曲霉属Bacillus芽孢杆菌属Bipolaris离蠕孢属（平脐蠕孢属）Blumeria布氏白粉菌属Botritis葡萄孢属Bremia盘梗霉属Burkholderia布克氏菌属Bursaphelenchus伞滑刃线虫属Ceratocystis长喙壳属Cercospora尾孢属Clavebacter棒形杆菌属Claviceps麦角菌属Cochliobolus旋孢腔菌属（四）100个植物病原物属名Colletotrichum炭疽菌属Curvularia弯孢属Cuscuta菟丝子属Diplodia色二孢属Ditilenchus茎线虫属Drechslera德氏霉属（凹脐蠕孢属）Erwinia欧文氏菌属Erysiphe白粉菌属Exobasidium外担子菌属Exserohilum凸脐孢属Fusarium镰孢属Gaeumannomyces顶囊壳属Gibberella赤霉属Globodera球皮线虫属Gymnosporangium胶锈菌属Heterodera异皮线虫属Lamularia柱隔孢属Leptosphaeria小球腔菌属Longidorus长针线虫属Loranthus桑寄生属（四）100个植物病原物属名Macrophomina球壳孢属Massonina盘二孢属Melampsora栅锈菌属Meliola小煤炱属Meloidogyne根结线虫属Monilia丛梗孢属Mucor毛霉属Mycosphaerella球腔菌属Nectria丛赤壳属Neovossia尾孢黑粉菌属Oidium粉孢属Orobanche列当属Peronosclerospora霜指霉属Peronospora霜霉属Phoma茎点霉属Phyllosticta叶点霉属Physoderma节壶菌属Phytophthora疫霉属Phytoplasma植原体属（MLO）Plasmodiophora根肿菌属（四）100个植物病原物属名Plasmopara单轴霉属Pratylenchus短体线虫属Pseudomonas假单胞杆菌属P